Neurology 2

Question 1

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 1

Paralysis of 1 side

Question 2

Which part of the brain, if damaged, can cause hemiplegia?

Answer 2

Motor cortex

Question 3

Injury to the motor cortex can also cause which 5 focal neurology

Answer 3

Dysphasia 
Dysarthria 
Increased muscle tone 
Increased weakness (face and limbs) 
Increased reflexes

Question 4

What is dysarthria?

Answer 4

Difficulty speaking

Question 5

What is dysphasia?

Answer 5

Deficiency in the generation of speech

Question 6

What are the 3 contralateral issues that can occur when you damage the sensory cortex?

Answer 6

1 loss of sensation
2 neglect
3 hyperaesthesia (excessive sensation = pain syndrome)

Question 7

What issues can occur due to damage to the higher level eg frontal lobe?

Answer 7

Sequencing problem (dyspraxia)

Question 8

What are the 3 types of vision loss?

Answer 8

1 monocular vision
2 hemianopia
3 visual neglect

Question 9

What is hemianopia?

Answer 9

Blindness over half of the vision field

Question 10

Damage to the cerebellum causes…3 things

Answer 10

Loss of co-ordination
Ataxia (intention tremor & cerebellar gait)
Dysarthria - speech problems

Question 11

What does the basal ganglia control? Damage results on what?

Answer 11

Controls movement 
Damage:
- increased muscle tone 
- slowness of action 
- tremor

Question 12

What is the word used to describe slowness of action?

Answer 12

Bradykinesia

Question 13

Define a stroke

Answer 13

Disorder of the vascular supply of the brain

Question 14

What are 90% of strokes? 10% are..

Answer 14

Infarction ( atherosclerosis and cardiac emboli )

haemorrage

Question 15

What is focal neurology?

Answer 15

The effect of brain injury

Question 16

what are the 2 types of infarction type strokes?

Answer 16

• transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

- completed stroke

Question 17

what is a TIA?

Answer 17

a small stroke where symptoms resolve within 24hrs that requires urgent medical attention to reduce risk of permanent stroke

Question 18

what is a completed stroke?

Answer 18

persisiting neurological deficit

Question 19

are haemorragic strokes usually more or less severe than infarction type strokes?

Answer 19

more severe

Question 20

what is the main risk factors for haemorragic stroke?

Answer 20

hypertension

Question 21

what is the epidemiology of strokes?

Answer 21

• incidence increases with age

- 1% each year aged 75

Question 22

what are the clinical features of a stroke dependant upon?

Answer 22

the site of the infarction

Question 23

what are the clinical features of a stroke?

Answer 23

• hemiplegia
• hemianopia
• dysarthria
• dysphagia
• dysphasia
• cognitive impairment
• dyspraxia
• impaired consciousness
• confusion
• seizure

Question 24

what is hemiplegia?

Answer 24

1 side paralysis

Question 25

what is hemianopia?

Answer 25

half blindness

Question 26

what is dysarthria?

Answer 26

difficult articulation