Dermatology Flashcards
define acne?
disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus which usually peaks during adolescence
what are the side effects of acne?
- comedones
- papules
- pustules
- nodules
- cysts
- scars
what are comedones?
blackheads
what are papules?
a small pimple/swelling
what are pustules?
a blister containing pus
what is a nodule?
small swelling
what are 4 causes of acne?
- excess sebum secretion
- hormones - esp androgens = male sex hormones
- bacteria (P acnes)
- drugs
what are 5 treatment options for acne?
- local abrasives
- topical antibiotics
- topical vitamin A analougues
- systemic antibiotics
- isotretinoin
what are the symptoms of rosacea? 5
- flushing
- telangiectasia
- erythema
- pustules
- inflammed papules
define erythema
dilation of blood capillaries resulting from injury/irritation
define telangiectasia
dilated capillaries that have a spider like appearance
what are the 2 possible conditions associated with rosacea?
- conjunctivitis (infl of eye)
- blepharitis (infl of eyelid)
what are 5 common triggers for rosacea?
- spicy food
- sunlight
- stress
- alcohol
- temp change
what are 6 treatment options for rosacea?
- avoid triggering factors
- antibiotics (topical +/- systemic)
- cosmetic camouflage
- laser
- isotretinoin
- avoid topical steroids
What causes impetigo?
staphlococci or streptococci bacteria
Is impetigo contagious?
yes
what will impetigo look like?
yellow crusting
may blister
impetigo can trigger what?
glomerulonephritis
what is glomerulonephritis?
term used for several kidney diseases usually characterised by inflammation of the glomeruli or asociated blood vessels but not always
How is impetigo diagnosed and treated?
- taking bacterial swabs
- antibiotics
what is folliculitis?
superficial infection of the hair follicle
what is the bacteria usually causing folliculitis?
S aureus
what does folliculitis look like?
- papules
- pustules
associated with hair follicles - erythema of around 1-2mm
what is folliculitis associated with?
diabetes
what should be considered in a patient with folliculitis?
are they a nasal staph carrier
what are furuncles/carbuncles?
small perifollicular abscess (boil) resulting in the destruction of the hair follicle that is tender and inflamed
where will you find a furuncle?
hair bearing sites
how big are carbuncles?
3-10cm nodule
what is a stye?
a furuncle involving sebaceous (oil) gland of the eyelid margin
what is cellulitis?
inflammation of the subcutaneous connective tissue
what is erysipelas?
a form of cellulitis
what bacteria is involved with erysipelas?
Gp A beta haemolytic strep
what does erysipelas look like?
- on face or extremities
- spreading red edge
what symptoms will the patient be having with erysipelas?
- malaise
- fever
- discomfort
what is the treatment for erysipelas?
systemic antibiotics
what are virus are viral warts usually caused by?
HPV
what is the most common area to get facial warts?
on the beard area of men
what do these viral warts look like and how are they treated?
- plane (flat) warts (may be difficult to diagnose)
- may resolve spontaneously or require cryotherapy
what is cryotherapy?
extreme cold
