Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced MNT 1 > Psychiatric Disorders > Flashcards

Psychiatric Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The brain is _____% fat

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the fatty acid composition of neuronal cell membrane reflects ______________

A

dietary intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nutrients effect on mental health

  • Support the normal development of the brain & CNS
  • Support ______ and sense of well-being
  • Maintain structure & function of ______
  • Provide an energy source for the brain
  • Serve as precursors & cofactors for _________production
A

mood
neurons
neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what amino acids are needed for neurotransmitter productions

A

phenylalanine
tyrosin
tryptophan
glutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitamins needed for neurotransmitter production

A

B1 B2 B3 B6 B12 and folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

minerals needed for neurotransmitter production

A

zinc
copper
iron
iodine
selenium
magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gut contains ~100 million neurons

________, ________, and __________ are major neurotransmitters in the ENS

Neural activity in the gut is triggered by receptors responding to ______, ______, and _______ stimuli

Bidirectional information continually passes between the gut & CNS

Gut ________ & byproducts influence brain function and behavior

A

Acetylcholine, serotonin, & norepinephrine

mechanical, osmotic, & chemical

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rapid & abrupt increases in BG can trigger an excessive release of insulin followed by a rapid drop in BG

The body compensates by raising levels of _______ & ________ which can trigger ________ & _______

Reducing refined CHO & sugar intake can decrease these BG fluctuations considerably

A

epinephrine
cortisol

emotional changes
erratic behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

preferred fatty acids in the brain & nervous system

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

these are omega-3 FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EPA & DHA may have benefit in management of what disorders?

Higher intake of ____ is associated with decreased risk of depression, especially for women

A

anxiety
depression
post-partum depression
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia

fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______ is an essential coenzyme for neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin) that are potential targets for antidepressant therapies

A

Thiamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_________ deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, psychosis, & phobias

A

Vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

______ deficiency is associated with depression & schizophrenia

_____ deficiency is associated with major & minor depression in older adults

A

Folate

Vit D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MINERALS

________ deficiency can cause anxiety
______ and _______ deficiency is associated with depression
_____ may reduce depressive symptoms

A

Magnesium

iron and selenium

zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amino acids are precursors for what neurotransmitters?
Also the precursor for ___________

A

serotonin
dopamine
norepinephrine

antioxidant glutathione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Research suggests that ____________ found in plant-based foods are important for normal brain function and mental health

ex: ______

A

phytochemicals

flavonoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ have antioxidant activity and protect and preserve brain cell structure & metabolism

A

Flavonoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Flavonoids Found in=>

A

berries, grapes & red wine, citrus fruit
onions, kale, red cabbage
tea, curcumin, dark chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Specific factors to consider in this population with mental disorders

A

changes in appetite

increase or decrease in activity level

decreased ability to concentrate, understand, follow directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

factors to consider for this population if they are taking medicine

A

dry mouth
thirst
constipation
wt change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ASSESSMENT

Altered nutritional needs due to use of ____ or ______

Possible decrease in ability for ______ such as adequate income, shopping, meal preparation

History of __________ that may have resulted in suboptimal nutritional intake

Use of _____________

A

alcohol or tobacco

self-care

comorbid conditions

nutrition supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most common type of mental illness in the U.S. ?

A

anxiety disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Common to anxiety disorders are heightened and poorly controlled ______, _____, and ______ symptoms triggered by a specific situation

Underlying etiology is not well understood
- ________ component

A

emotional, somatic, & neurologic

Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The stress of an adverse ____________ can constitute a significant etiologic factor for anxiety that may impact the individual into and throughout adulthood

A

childhood experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Medication types used in the Management of Anxiety

A

benzodiazepines
SSRIs
SNRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Benxodiazapines anxiety

A

alprazolam
clonazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

SSRIs for anxiety

A

sertraline
citalopram

28
Q

SNRIs for anxiety

A

duloxetine

29
Q

FDI of benzos

A

avoid concurrent ingestion of alcohol
limit/avoid caffiene

30
Q

FDI for SSRIs

A

may increase appetite and wt
dry mouth
avoid SJW and alcohol

31
Q

FDI for SNRIs

A

avoid SJW and alcohol

32
Q

MNT for Management of Anxiety

Eat ____________ meals with _______ and ___________ to promote stable BG

Eliminating ________ for 3-4 wks to see if anxiety decreases

Consider MVI with minerals if dietary intake does not meet the DRI for _____, _____, _____, _____, & _____

Include dietary sources of __________

Encourage __________

A

regularly scheduled
protein
low glycemic carbohydrates

caffeine

folate, B12, zinc, Mg, & vit D

omega-3 fatty acids

physical activity

33
Q

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more _______ than ______

No definitive cause has been identified
~____ of people do not respond adequately to treatment

A

women than men

1/3

34
Q

Contributing factors to depression

A

genetics
environmental stressors
hormonal disruption
nutrition
alterations in neurotransmitter biology & function

35
Q

where does hormonal disruption occur especially in depressed

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

36
Q

Monoamine deficiency theory

A

deficiency of serotonin, dopamine, & norepinephrine, or altered receptor function, is the main pathophysiologic factor

37
Q

Medications types Used in the Management of Depression

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

38
Q

SSRIs for depression

A

fluoxetine
paroxetine
sertraline

39
Q

SNRIs for depression

A

duloxetine
venlafaxine

40
Q

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor for depression

A

bupropion

41
Q

FDI for norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A

may cause increase or decrease in appetite and wt
dry mouth
taste changes
stomatitis
N/V
take with food to decrease GI irritation
Limit/avoid alcohol
avoid SJW

42
Q

MNT for Depression

______________ dietary pattern may protect against the development of depressive symptoms later in life and decrease risk of MDD

Encourage regular, meals and snacks that help maintain _____

Ensure adequate intake of ________________ intake
Treat deficiencies of _____ or ____

_______ if possible
Recommend _______

A

Mediterranean

BG levels

folate, vit B12, vit D, & omega-3 fatty acid
vit B12 or folate

Social eating

exercise

43
Q

MNT for Depression

monitor for ________

assess for food drug interactions
Avoid ______ for those taking antidepressant medications
- increases risk for ________

A

wt changes

St. Johns wort
serotonin syndrome

44
Q

Episodes of an elevated or agitated mood known as mania alternating with episodes of depression

A

bipolar disorder

45
Q

Average age of onset for bipolar is ______

A

25 years

46
Q

There is a genetic component, but other factors to bipolar such as _______, ___________, and _____

A

hormones
neurotransmitter abnormalities
stress

47
Q

medical management of bipolar

A

lithium

48
Q

MNT for Bipolar Disorder

Address ________ of lithium

A stable, moderate about of ____ is needed to stabilize lithium leve
l
Drink _____ L fluid/d
Limit _______
Monitor for ______
Can cause _______

A

FDI

Na

2-3
caffeine
wt gain
N/V/D

49
Q

Severe mental disorder that presents as psychosis, often with paranoia & delusions

A

schizophrenia

50
Q

Diagnosis of schizophrenia requires at least one of the symptoms to be _____, ______, or _____

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech

51
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia typically appear in males during their ___________ and for females during their ________

A

late teens to early 20s

20s to early 30s

52
Q

Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

  • Poorly understood
  • Possibly a _______ disorder generated by a combination of biochemical, genetic, structural, nutritional, and environmental factors, including _____ & ______
A

heterogeneous

infections & toxins

53
Q

Medication types Used in the Management of Schizophrenia

A

combination of dopamine-blocking antipsychotic medications, antidepressants, and tranquilizers

54
Q

examples of dopamine-blocking antipsychotic medications

A

haloperidol
risperidone

55
Q

Side effects of antipsychotics may include __________

A

dry mouth
constipation
increased appetite and weight gain

56
Q

Schizophrenia is associated with altered ______
_______ energy needs
Increased _________

A

metabolism
Reduced
visceral fat

57
Q

Monitor weight: a ____ weight gain should trigger assessment for _________

Refer to a ____________ program as needed

A

7%
metabolic syndrome

behavioral weight management

58
Q

MNT for Schizophrenia

Recommend regular meal pattern and trial of a ______________ diet

Recommend sources of ________

Rx screening for _______

A

low glycemic, casein-free, Mediterranean
EPA & DHA

celiac disease

59
Q

If schizophrenia patient tests positive for celiac

_______ diet

Assess for _____ and _____ deficiency (associated with worse symptoms)

A

gluten-free

vit D & folate

60
Q

MNT for Schizophrenia

Assess for potential ______

Caution against use of _________ bc it can increase blood levels of certain _______ meds)

Avoid ______

A

food-drug interactions

grapefruit and/or grapefruit juice
antipsychotic

alcohol

61
Q

Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and addiction Involves numerous ________

The production of dopamine (produces a sense of pleasure) is triggered by use of ________________________

____ and ______ are also involved

A

neurotransmitters

heroin, amphetamines, marijuana, alcohol, nicotine, & cocaine

Serotonin and glutamate

62
Q

Addictions may result in:
______ appetite
craving for ________
_________
lack of motivation to prepare meals

_________ due to:
insufficient food or nutrient intake
alterations in digestion, absorption, metabolism, or excretion of nutrients

A

poor
sugar & sweets
constipation

malnutrition

63
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

Screening tool to identify people as risk ?

A

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)

64
Q

MNT for AUD

Assess dietary intake, GI function, risk of malnutrition, and for potential micronutrient deficiencies
- Rx biochemical assessment of _____, ____, ____, and ____
- Rx MVIM for ______

Additional supplementation:
________
________

A

thiamin, folic acid, Mg, & selenium
6 months

Thiamin: 50-100 mg
Folic acid: 1 mg daily

65
Q

MNT for AUD, continued

Nutritionally adequate diet with _______% of kcal from high-quality protein

Rx _________ supplement of ______ mg/day
Provide nutrition education

A

25-30%

omega-3 fatty acid
800-1000

66
Q
A

Advanced MNT 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions