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Advanced MNT 1 > Neurologic Disorders Part 1 > Flashcards

Neurologic Disorders Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional Issues with Neurologic Disease
- Significant risk for _________
- Difficulties with _______ : depends on the area of the nervous system affected

A

malnutrition
feeding

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2
Q

What is Hemiparesis ?

A

paralysis of the one side

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3
Q

Paralysis & Hemiparesis

___________ is a problem if the paralysis is on the dominant side
Difficult to eat with one hand
Fatigue
Difficulty obtaining & preparing food
May require __________

A

Coordination

assistive feeding devices

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4
Q

adaptive feeding devices can be ?

A

a strap around the hand to hold the utensil

silverware with large foam handles

a jar opener

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5
Q

defective vision or blindness in half the visual field

A

Hemianopsia

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6
Q

If patient has hemianopsia, what’s the nutrition concern?

A

may only recognize half of a meal

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7
Q

inattention to a weakened or paralyzed side of the body

A

Neglect

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8
Q

When a patient has neglect, the ability to _____ may be severely impaired

A

eat

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9
Q

Loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language due to injury to brain

A

aphasia

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10
Q

two types of aphasia

A

brocas aphasia (non-fluent or expressive aphasia)

wernike’s aphasia (receptive aphasia)

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11
Q

Broca’s aphasia is a lesion of the Broca’s area (______ lobe)

Unable to create _____________
Patients are usually _____ that they cannot speak properly
_________ is relatively normal

A

left frontal

grammatically-complex sentences
aware
Comprehension

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12
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia is a lesion of Wernicke’s area (______lobe)

Speech pattern sounds _______, but sentences are ________

Pronounced impairment in _________

A

left temporal

normal
nonsensical

comprehension

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13
Q

General term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life

A

dementia

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14
Q

Causes of dementia include _________ of the brain and _______disorders

Associated with loss of brain function resulting in memory, behavior, learning, & communication problems

A

degenerative diseases
vascular

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15
Q

Dysphagia

Cranial nerves involved in swallowing:

___________: Mastication
______________: swallowing
___________: tongue movement

May lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia

A

Trigeminal (V)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Hypoglossal (XII)

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16
Q

Neurologic Diseases Caused by Nutritional Deficiencies

A

Pernicious anemia
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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17
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is damage to brain tissue due to ___________

Acute onset of neurologic deficits lasting for ____ hrs and attribute to diseases of intra or extra cranial vasculature

A

sudden interruption to blood supply
>24

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18
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for CVA

A

Older age*
Family history
Race: Black individuals have higher risk
Female gender
Prior stroke, TIA, or MI

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19
Q

what is TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

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20
Q

CVA is ____ most common cause of death in the US

A

5th

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21
Q

CVA can have _____ and ______

A

ischemia
intracranial hemmorhage

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22
Q

ischemia can me _______ or ________

A

embolic
thrombotic

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23
Q

what is thrombotic ischemia caused by

A

atherosclerosis in cerebral or carotid arteries

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24
Q

intracranial hemorrhage consists of ____ or ______

A

HTN
aneurysm

25
Q

modifiable risk factors for CVA

A

HTN
smoking
atrial fibrillation
carotid or peripheral artery disease
DM
sick cell anemia
CHD
high serum cholesterol
physical activity
obesity
diet

26
Q

For CVA prevention focuses on lifestyle and diet changes to decrease risk factors. What does this include?

A

low sodium DASH diet
Mediterranean or AHA diet (increase omega 3)

weight management

27
Q

For CVA also individualize MNT based on feeding difficulties such as _______ or ______

Also dress food-drug interactions which is ?

A

dysphagia (IDDSI diets)
hemiparesis

warfarin (anticoagulant) - moderate intake of vitamin K

28
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive ___________ disorder with loss of ______

Characterized by microscopic changes in the brain that include deposition of ______, ______, and ______

A

neurodegenerative
brain neurons

amyloid plaques, tau proteins, and neurofibrillary tangles

29
Q

alzheimers is the ___ most common type of dementia
cause?
cure?

A

1st
unknown
no cure

30
Q

about ___ in 9 people aged 65 or older has Alzheimers
almost 2/3 of Americans with alzheimers are _______
older ____ are twice as likely

A

1
women
black Americans

31
Q

non modifiable risk factors of AD

A

advanced age
family history
genetic factors
female
down syndrome

32
Q

modifiable risk factors for AD

A

HTN
DM
smoking
obesity
physical activity
low social contact
hearing impairment
depression
low education level
excessive alcohol consumption
traumatic brain injury
air pollution

33
Q

manifestations of alzheimers disease

A

memory loss
agnosia (cant recognize senses)
aphasia
behavioral changes
sundowning
progresses to a vegetative state

34
Q

Medical management of AD involves _________

A

cholinesterase inhibitors
Aducanumab

35
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors

example?
how do they work?
how do they help?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

donepezil

increase level of acetylcholine in the brain

may help reduce some cognitive and behavioral symptoms

36
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) drug interactions

A

may cause wt loss
N/V/D
increased gastric acid
GIB

37
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) instructions

A

take with food to decrease GI irritation
monitor wt and food intake

38
Q

aducanumab helps how?

food drug interactions?

A

helps to reduce amyloid deposits in the brain and may help disease progression

N/V/D

39
Q

common nutritional issues with people with AD

A

inadequate intake
increased energy expenditure
dehydration
dysphagia
weight loss and malnutrition
pressure injury risk

40
Q

inadequate intake with AD from?

A

inability to obtain and prepare food
cant feed self
may not eat safely
eating is neglected

41
Q

energy placement increased in AD due to ?

A

constant moving such as pacing

42
Q

MNT prevention for AD ?

A

a healthier diet during middle age years
- adequate B vitamin, antioxidants, PUFAs

A Mediterranean style dietary pattern

43
Q

MNT for advanced AD

A

maintain a desirable body weight
provide nutrient dense foods to avoid deficiency
multivitamin
hydration
decrease distractions during meals

44
Q

despite decreased intake and resulting malnutrition the practice of using EN for individuals with advanced AD is ______ due to lack of proven benefits

A

declining

45
Q

progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the MOTOR neurons in the CNS resulting in generalized skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrigs’s disease

46
Q

ALS is more common in ____ gender and people have more risk if aged ≥____ years.

cause?
cure?

death usually occurs ____ after the onset of sumptoms

A

male
60

unknown
no cure

3-5 years

47
Q

med used for ALS

A

edarabone

48
Q

early symptoms of ALS are ___________, _____________

advanced symptoms include ________, __________, ______________

________ and _______ are maintained

A

muscle weakness in the hands and legs
oropharyngeal weakness and jaw spasticity

Tetraplegia, dysphagia, and respiratory weakness

sensation and mental acuity

49
Q

decline in respiratory muscle strength in ALS can cause _____, ______, ______, ______, and ______

A

dyspnea
weak cough
decreased ventilation
respiratory failure
death

50
Q

In ALS patients

hard food are difficult to eat because _____
dysphagia due to ______________

aspiration risk with ______

also risk of ______ and _______

A

jaw fatigue
oropharyngeal weakness

think liquids

dehydration
constipation

51
Q

nutrition problems with late ALS

A

negative nitrogen balance
will need assistance eating
progresses to an inability to eat

52
Q

MNT for ALS

A

Proper texture food and thickened liquids
proper positioning while eating
adequate fluid and fiber
small, frequent meals
vitamin and mineral supplement
early placement of a feeding tube (*PEG if abides by patient wishes)

53
Q

myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an ______ disease where circulating ______ attack ______ at the neuromuscular junction preventing _____ from binding to the receptors

A

autoimmune
antibodies
acetylcholine receptors
acetylcholine

54
Q

myasthenia Gravis (MG) results in a defect in _______ at the neuromuscular junction

A

nerve impulse transmission

55
Q

myasthenia Gravis (MG) is characterized by relapsing and remitting ________________ varying from ____ to _____

A

muscle weakness and fatigue
minutes
days

56
Q

MG mainifestations

________

________ resulting in ________

symptoms are worse at ______

________ is possible

A

diplopia (double vision)

facial muscle weakness
- difficulty chewing
- drooling
- dysarthria (trouble speaking)
- dysphagia

end of the day

respiratory insufficiency

57
Q

if muscle fatigue is a problem with MG, serve ________
should consume ______ first

meals should be ________

rest _____ before a meal

A

largest meal in the morning
nutrient dense foods

Frequent and easy to chew/swallow (SLP decodes)

30 minutes

58
Q
A

Advanced MNT 1 (20 decks)

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