Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced MNT 1 > Food Drug Interactions > Flashcards

Food Drug Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Interactions between medications & nutrients or nutritional status is ________

Drugs can affect individual nutrients or nutritional status

Nutrients or nutritional status can alter the effects of drugs

A

Food Drug Interactions AKA drug-nutrient interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Movement of the drug through the body: (steps)

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Movement of the drug from the administration site to the bloodstream

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Absorption is influenced by:

  1. Route of __________
  2. Rate of ___________ (oral drugs)
  3. Ability of the drug to _________
A

administration
gastric emptying
cross membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___________=> The fraction of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation

A

Bioavailability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Movement of the drug from the bloodstream to the site of action

A

distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Distribution is Affected by________to the organ or tissue

Many drugs are bound to __________ in the bloodstream

A

blood flow

plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biotransformation of the drug to a metabolite for elimination

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

metabolism is Facilitated by ________ in the ________

e.g., cytochrome p450 enzyme system

A

enzyme systems
liver, intestines, & kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most drugs are excreted by the _______

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biochemical & physiologic effects of a drug

A

pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drug binds to a specific receptor, enzyme, or ion channel in the body to produce its___________ effect

A

therapeutic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presence of food in the stomach can __________

Mechanism of action:
Delayed ________
________ reactions

A

reduce drug absorption

gastric emptying
Chelation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs That Have Decreased Absorption if Taken with Food

  1. drugs for bones/osteoporosis
  2. supplement
  3. bacterial infections
  4. HTN, high BP
A

Bisphosphonates: alendronate, risedronate
- 1/2 hr to an hr before first meal

Iron supplements
- only absorb half

Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin
- bind to calcium magnesium zinc and iron

Captopril
- decreased absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drugs that Have Enhanced Absorption if Taken with Food

A

Cefuroxime (for infections)

Invirase (for HIV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patients with serum albumin ______ g/dL are at increased risk for adverse effects from highly protein-bound drugs

_________ serum albumin levels=>_____ drug binding sites=> ____free drug in serum=> ______ drug effects and risk of _______

e.g., _________ and _________

A

<3.0

Decreased
less
more
increased
toxicity

warfarin (Coumadin)
phenytoin (Dilantin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

warfarin (Coumadin) with decreased albumin

A

blood thinner- higher drug effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

phenytoin (Dilantin) with decreased albumin

A

seizures- cause dizzy confusion vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A high protein, low CHO diet increases the hepatic metabolism of _________=> ______ blood levels

A

theophylline
decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Grapefruit/grapefruit juice can inhibit the intestinal metabolism (__________ enzyme system) of oral drugs=> _______ drug effects & risk of______

the fruit has a substance called ____________

A

cytochrome P450
increased
toxicity

furanocoumarins

21
Q

grapefruit with _______ drugs with result in toxicity and can cause ________ (muscle breakdown) (can last up to ____hours)

A

statin
rhabdomyolysis
72 hrs / 3 days

22
Q

Nutrients can alter the reabsorption of drugs from the renal tubules
Ex: sodium & lithium(Bipolar)

Reabsorption of lithium is closely associated with reabsorption of _______ (will follow ______)

Excess intake=> _______ urinary sodium excretion=> _______ lithium excretion=> __________ therapeutic effect

A

sodium
sodium

increased
increased
decreased

23
Q

______ (anticoagulant) decreases hepatic production of ________-dependent clotting factors, so less clotting
Ingestion of ________ opposes the action of warfarin

Goal: balance between drug dose & vitamin intake

MNT:
Rx Consistent dietary intake of ________
Sources of vitamin K=>_________

A

Warfarin
Vitamin K
vitamin K

vitamin K
dark green veggies, green tea, egg yolks

24
Q

Additional interactions with Warfarin

Avoid _________ – counteracts drug effect

Intake of ______ supplements, ____ supplements, _____ supplements, & _______ can enhance anti-coagulant effects=> increased risk of serious bleeding

______ intake reported to increase drug effect; however, no effect if < _____ ml

A

St. John’s wort

garlic
vit E
fish oil
ginseng

Cranberry
250

25
Q

Caffeine
Increases the adverse effects of stimulant drugs=> ___________

Results in nervousness, tremor, insomnia

Decreases the therapeutic effect of anti-anxiety drugs

A

amphetamines
theophylline

26
Q

Alcohol If consumed with:

_________ (e.g., Valium, phenobarbital)=> excessive drowsiness

_______________=> increased risk of GI ulceration & bleeding

___________________=> hepatotoxicity

A

sedatives

aspirin or NSAIDs (ibuprofen)

Tylenol or methotrexate

27
Q

Vasopressor Agents & Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Vasopressor agents found in foods=> ____________

MAOI drugs inhibit ____________=> prevents breakdown of vasopressor agents

E.g., phenelzine & isocarboxazid (anti-depressants) and selegiline (Parkinson’s disease)

Ingestion of vasopressor agents while on MAOI drugs=> __________

A

tyramine, dopamine, histamine

monoamine oxidase

hypertensive crisis

28
Q

Food Sources of Vasopressor Agents to be Avoided if on a MAOI

A

Aged cheese
Aged meats: salami, dry sausage
Tap beer
Fermented soy products: soy sauce, miso, tempeh, soybean curd
Sauerkraut, kimchi
Fava beans, snow pea pods
Concentrated yeast extracts (e.g., Vegemite)

29
Q

Food Sources of Vasopressor Agents to be CAUTIOUS with if on a MAOI

A

Wine – limit to 4 oz/d

Bottled beer – limit 12 oz/d

Coffee, cola, & other caffeinated beverages – limit to 16 oz/d (dont contain the dopamine etc, but it is a vasopressor itself)

30
Q

Drugs that Decrease Nutrient Absorption

Reduced intestinal transit time
Ex: laxatives=>diarrhea=>losses of _______

A

K+ & Ca

31
Q

Altered _______ can decrease nutrient absorption

Ex: H2-receptor antagonists (e.g., Pepcid) and proton pump inhibitors (e.g., Prilosec)=>

Decrease _____ production=> impairs absorption of vitamin ________

A

gastric pH

HCl
B12 & iron

32
Q

______ reactions between drugs & minerals

__________ decreases absorption of ___________

Take drug ____ hours before or ____ hours after consuming dairy products, Ca-fortified foods; __________supplements, or MVI with minerals

A

Chelation

ciprofloxacin
Ca, Fe, Mg, & Zn

2
6
Ca, Mg, Zn, or Fe

32
Q

Drugs that damage the intestinal mucosa
e.g., ________________

A

chemotherapeutic agents

32
Q

Drugs that affect intestinal transport mechanisms

_________ (for _____________)=> inhibits absorption of _____, take _________ supplement

A

Sulfasalazine
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
folate
1 mg folate

33
Q

Drugs that Alter Nutrient Metabolism

_________=>increases hepatic metabolism of __________

_________(used for TB) => blocks the conversion of vitamin ______ to its active form
- _____________ supplementation of ________ mg/d for those with a low intake of vitamin ___

A

Phenobarbital
vit D, vit K, & folate

Isoniazid (INH)
B6
Rx pyridoxal 5-phophate
25-50
B6

34
Q

Drugs that Alter Nutrient Excretion

_________ (e.g., furosemide)=> increases urinary excretion of ________

___________ (e.g., prednisone)
- Increase urinary excretion of ____
- Decrease urinary ____ excretion=> ________ retention

A

Loop diuretics
K+, Mg, Ca

Corticosteroids
Ca
Na
Na & water

35
Q

Drugs can cause ______ (altered taste)
e.g., _____________

A

dysgeusia

cisplatin, captopril, phenytoin

36
Q

Decreased salivary flow=> ________
e.g., _____________

A

xerostomia

amitriptyline, diltiazem

37
Q

Mucositis

e.g., ______________

A

antineoplastic drugs=> carboplatin

38
Q

Inflammation, ulceration
e.g., ____________

A

Fosamax (reflux)
NSAIDs, aspirin

39
Q

N/V can be caused by:
1. Stimulation of the ___________________
2. Direct irritation of the ______

e.g., ___________ drugs=> ____________

A

chemoreceptor trigger zone
GIT

antineoplastic
cisplatin, doxorubicin

40
Q

Constipation
e.g., ____________

A

narcotics (morphine)

41
Q

Diarrhea
e.g., _________________

A

antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs

42
Q

Extended use of broad-spectrum antibiotics=> destroy _________=> overgrowth of opportunistic, pathogenic bacteria=> ________________

A

gut flora

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) colitis

43
Q

Drugs that may cause anorexia:

A

Antineoplastic drugs
Some antibiotics: metronidazole (Flagyl)
Bronchodilators: theophylline
CNS stimulants: Adderall

44
Q

Drugs that may increase appetite and cause weight gain:

A

Some antidepressants: amitriptyline, paroxetine (Paxil)
Corticosteroids: prednisone
Antipsychotic drugs: haloperidol (Haldol)

45
Q

“Inactive ingredients” added to drugs

Function as binders, fillers, flavoring, coloring, preservatives, coating

Need to consider intolerances & allergies

A

excipients

46
Q

Assessing for food-drug interactions is part of the ________

Review medication list
Obtain a diet history including use of micronutrient or herbal supplements, alcohol use
Identify potential food-drug interactions
Nutrition interventions
e.g., nutrition education

A

nutrition assessment

47
Q
A

Advanced MNT 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions