Neurologic Disorders Part 2 Flashcards
Chronic condition characterized by recurring seizures
epilepsy
epilepsy seizures are caused by abnormal ________ in the brain
electrical activity of a group of neurons
drug given for epilepsy
phenytoin (dilantin)
food drug interactions for phenytoin (dilantin)
decreases absorption of calcium
vit D supplementation is recommended with long term use
hypoalbuminemia - drug toxicity
continuous tube feeding inhibits the absorption of phenytoin
- hold TF for 1-2 hours before and after giving drug
diet used as a last resort in children with intractable seizures
keto diet (KD)
What is the classic version of keto diet
percentages ?
ratio?
grams of carbs per day?
benefit?
extremely low carbs (2-4%)
high at (90% kcal)
protein (6-8%)
4:1 of fat to protein +carbs combined
10-15 g/day
can be curative
ketogenic diet has two version ____ vs. ____
LCT vs. MCT oil
LCT version of diet is calculated to meet
____ of estimated energy needs
_____ for protein
______ of maintenance fluid needs or _______ mL of fluid per kcal
need to provide a _____________________
75%
DRI
75% or 0.75-1.0
MVI with minerals, calcium, and magnesium supplements
LCT version calculation for Fat ?
LCT calculation for protein and carbs?
FAT:
kcal needs x 0.90
divide by 9 kcal to convert to grams of fat
PROTEIN & CARBS:
kcal needs x 0.10
divide by 4 kcal/gram to convert to grams of protein and carbs
provide DRI for pro and remaining provided as carbs
possible side effects of the KD…
early??
late??
EARLY
- hypoglycemia
- stomach upset
- acidotic dehydration
- hypokalemia
LATE
- constipation
- GERD
- hyperlipidemia
less restrictive KD options
modified Atkins diet
low glycemic index diet
what is modified Atkins diet?
65% fat
30% pro
5% carb
what is low glycemic index diet?
60% fat
30% protein
10% carb
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is Destruction of the ________ which protect the nerves and facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses
myelin sheaths
MS etiology ?
Cure ?
risk factors ?
not sure, maybe autoimmune
no cure
female
Northern European ancestry
smoking
geographic location with less sun
manifestations of MS are similar or variable?
explain?
variable
- many patients have periods of remission and relapse and others have more rapid progression
Early deficits of MS?
other manifestations?
diplopia
paresthesia
vertigo
dysarthria
ataxia
muscle weakness
neurogenic bladder
neurogenic bowel
some pts progress to cognitive impairment, inability to speak, blindness, and tetraplegia
People with MS have what nutrition risks?
decreased ability to get and make food or feed self
dysphagia due to damaged cranial nerves and muscle weakness
MNT for MS
- Body wt?
- Assess vitamin ___ status & provide ___ if needed
- Some evidence that _________ diet may be beneficial
- Dysphagia=> Provide proper food texture and consistency of liquids using _____ diets
- _______ if necessary
- Maintain desirable body weight & nutritional status
- vitamin D : vitamin D3
- an anti-inflammatory diet
- IDDSI diets
- Enteral nutrition
MNT for neurogenic bladder?
BLADDER:
provide adequate fluid
distribute evenly throughout the day
limit before bed
increase intake of cranberry juice and blueberries to reduce UTI
MNT for neurogenic bowel?
Provide adequate fiber
prunes
adequate fluid
Parkinsons disease is progressive, disabling, _______ disease cause by loss of _______ in the brain
why is it bad to lose this?
neurodegenerative
dopaminergic neurons
dopamine is involved in voluntary motor control
Parkinson’s disease most commonly occurs ages _____ yrs
cause?
cure?
40-70 yrs
unknown
no cure
General Manifestations of PD
tremor at rest
muscular rigidity
bradykinesia
poor balance
GI dysmotility = costipation
