Psych Unit 15 Flashcards
Gender-Based Violence
the WHO definition
forms of violence in which women are the victims and men are the perpetrators usually – trans people are overrepresented among victims
ex: sexual violence, intimate partner violence, stalking
Rape CDC
the CDC definition
forced drug or alcohol use for anal, oral, or vaginal penetration
Rape FBI
penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus, with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without their consent
Rape or Attempted Rape
big problem in the US
- 1 in 4 women report being raped or someone tried to rape them
- 1 in 26 men reported being raped or someone tried to rape them
**rapes have increased since 1985 to 2015
Sexual Assault
broad term that includes non-consensual sexual contact as well as penetration and coercion in addition to force and incapacitation
- sexual assault statistics are higher than the rape stats bc sexual assault is more broad
Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment: unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature in the workplace or learning enviornment
Sexual Coercion
Sexual coercion: unwanted sexual penetration that occurs after a person is pressured in a non-physical way
Reproductive Coercion
Reproductive coercion: a person exerts power and control over reproduction through interference with contraception use and pregnancy pressure
Stealthing
the practice of removing a condom, during sex without the other person knowing
Reproductive Coercion
5% of people who are able to get pregnant experience a rape-related pregnancy (roughly 6 million people)
- 16% of rape victims get pregnant from the rape
- 26.2% of intimate rape victims rgot pregnant
Childhood Sexual Abuse
childhood abuse is typical occurs before the age of 14 and usually with someone who is at least 5 years older than them
- legal definitions vary depending on the state
ex: people being forced to be exposed to porn, someone flashing their genitals at you
Statutory Rape
sex between an adult and a person under the age of consent
- age of consent varies by state but Wisconsin is 18
- usually a law to prevent exploitation of minors
- has been used when an 18 yr old is dating and having sex with a 15 year old
Contact Sexual Violence
- big problem in the US
- more than 50% of women report any form of contact sexual violence
- includes rape, being forced to penetrate, sexual coercion
- 38% of men report this
- more than 1/4 of young girls will experience this
Rates in College Students
In 2019, it increased to 26% from 23% in 2015
In UW-Madison— in 2015 it went from 28% to 26%
These numbers are from people across all years in college (the number increases the longer you have been at college for)
Who’s Most Likely to Experience Sexual Assault
- straight women, trans ppl, and members of the LGB+ community are more at risk for sexual assault
- multiracial and indigenous people
- 80% of rapes occur for the first time before age 24
- people with disabilities are 2x more likely to be sexually assaulted bc it’s harder to communicate
- people who were SA early are likely to be revictimazed
- college students are less likely to be assaulted than kids of the same age not in school
Characteristics of Sexual Assaulters
adult sex offenders:
- people who lack empathy, enjoy hurting others
child sex offenders:
- pedophilia
- they see themselves as the same maturity level as children
in college:
- heavy drinking
- hostility towards women, belief in traditional gender roles, acceptance of rape myths
- having friends who share these beliefs
- rough childhoods
PTSD
someone has to be exposed to a trauma before the diagnosis can be made
- criterion A traumatic event (wartching death, coming close to death, life threat, violence)
- negative changes in mood bc of the trauma
- rape is most common trauma to lead to PTSD
hyperarousal:
- hard time sleeping, on edge-nervousness, wanting to be somewhere they can easily escape
*most ppl will experience at least 1 criterion A traumas
*symptoms must be present for at least 1 month after the trauma and cause clinical impairment
Percent of Rapes Reported
20-25% of rapes reported to national survey
- 75-80% of rapes not reported
ppl don’t report:
- ashamed
- think police won’t believe them
- if alcohol or drugs were involved
- they don’t know if what they experienced was assault
- students are less likely than non-students of the same age to report rape
Rape Acknowledgment
Rape acknowledgement: whether an incident that meets the defintion of rape is labeled as rape
- 60% of female rape victims don’t acknowledge their rape as rape
- lack of acknowledgment is associated with higher rates of revictimization
- their less likely to have PTSD symptoms
- the #MeToo movement hasn’t helped ppl acknowledge their rape
rape stigma: not wanting to think of yourself as a victim
Blitz Rape
Blitz rape: stranger in a public place jumps out of a bush and uses a weapon
- commonly shown in the media
**most rapes are actually committed by someone the victim knows beforehand
Rape Myths
Rape Myths: false, harmful beleifs about sexual assault, victims and perpetrators that often excuse sexual violence and blame survivors
Just World Belief: we want to think the world is a good place
- ex: survivors think they’re at fault for what happened (I shouldn’t have worn that..)
What to do if Someone you Know Experienced Sexual Violence
- respect the victim’s decisions
- offer a safe place to stay
- believe and accept
- listen
- let them know support is available
Posttraumatic Growth
Posttraumatic Growth = positive life changes and psychological development following exposure to trauma
- Opposite of PTSD
Date Rape
most common form of rape (especially at college)
- some male offenders think when a woman says no she really means yes
- men tend to mispercieve a woman being friendly as being flirty
- sexually aggressive men like to think women don’t communicate honestly
date rape drug = roofie
- slipped into a drink
- causes victim to fall asleep or drowsy and then the man rapes her in her sleep
- she usually doesn’t remember the next day
