Psych Unit 12 pt 2. Flashcards
Cisgender
Cigender = when someone’s sex assigned at birth aligns with their gender identity
Transgender
Transgender = when someone’s sex assigned at birth doesn’t align with their gender identity (some people now adopt may adopt the label trans or transgender differently and
according to their own experiences)
Transgender Woman
Transgender Woman: someone who was assigned male at birth but gender identity is a woman
Transgender Man
Trangender Man: someone who was assigned female at birth, but whose gender identity is a man
Trans People Using/Not Using Labeling
Some trans people might use the trans label but some might not
- This could be because people don’t feel safe to say they’re trans
- Maybe the trans person wants them to see them as a woman or man but not on the trans part of their identity
Passing = other people don’t easily recognize that the person is trans
- people who have been passing for awhile don’t remember the transition stage
Nonbinary, Gender Queer & Gender Fluid
Nonbindary, gender queer, genderfluid = someone who doesn’t indetntify as a woman or man, might identify as both or neight
- these ppl identify as trans
- The trans label is often used to acknowledge someone’s status as they’re transitioning
Gender Minority Person
Gender Minority Person = their sex assigned at birth doesn’t align with their gender identity
- Includes trans people
- Genderqueer, nonbinary, or something else
Trans History
- media thinks being trans is new, but it’s not
- records of people being trans
- a lot of people try to erase trans history
Trans People and Sexuality
- people tend not to separate gender and sexual orientation
- Trans people can identify as gay, queer, lesbian, and straight
- Some trans people’s sexual identities can change over time
There is still transphobia within the cisgender, queer communities
Olson, Key & Eaton Study
uses an IAT (implicit association test)
***Trying to understand people’s reaction times to certain concepts (how fast they make the connections)
participants: 32 of them (5-12 years old trans children)
- Also included an age-matched sample of cisgender kids and 18 of the trans kids’ siblings to compare
Results:
- The trans kids on both associate themselves just as strongly as cisgender kids do with concepts that match their gender identity
- Suggests that trans children do have genuine, stable gender identities
Issues with Defining Trans
A lot of the trans experience is talked about medical issues but there’s nothing problematic about a trans identity
Gender Dysphoria
Gender Dysphoria: the psychological distress about a mismatch between a person’s gender identity and gender/sex assigned at birth
- listed in the DSM
- contraversial bc ppl think it stigmatizes trans ppl
some ppl do have a lot of distress and this diagnosis helps them
**You have to get this diagnosis in order to get insurance to cover medical care for hormone tratements
Gender Euphoria
Gender Euphoria = refers to the joy someone feels when there is a correspondence between one’s gender identity and theur gender features
Trans Stats
- trans discrimination is high
- 10% who were out to their family reported that a family member was violent toward them
- 30% reported being fired
- 33% reported being discriminated against in a healthcare setting
***Rates are higher for trans people of color
Transphobia
Transphobia = negative attitudes and behaviors toward trans people
Misgendering
Misgendering = being called pronouns that indicate a gender different from their identity
Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination
- Brief interventions have lasting effects
Canavssers do this:
- It takes a lot of work (need workers to go and spend time with them)
Pheromone Study
A study have adolescents a wiff of a pheromone that activates the hypothalamus differently for boys and girls
- Hypothalamus was monitored using MRI
Results:
People’s hypothalamus was activated like their gender identity not their sex assigned at birth
ex: a person born as a boy but later transitioned into a girl – her hypothalamus activated like a girl’s
Trans Health and Mental Health
- Need more services for trans people like voice and communication therapy, supporting therapy, and facial hair removal
- Trans people have a high rate of suicide attempts
- Their mental health is good if they are supported
Social Transition
Social Transition: the process in which trans youth or adults live openly that matches their gender identity
Ex: dressing as a woman, female pronouns…
Gender Affriming Therpay
Gender-affirming Therapy: undergoing a medical treatment so their body matches their identity
Hormonal Pubertal Suppression
Pubertal suppression - can stall the body so they can make an informed decision
- not as intense
- reversible
Hormone Therapy
- Partially reversible
Trans men – testosterone therpay (deeper voice, facial hair, growth of clitoris)
Trans women – breast growth, fewer erections, increased body fat
- These therapies are beneficial for mental health
- They have less anxiety and depression
Surgical Treatments for Trans People
- Irreversible
- Person has to have lived as a member of their gender for at least a year
Chest surgery (removing or adding breats)
Genital surgery (penectomy - removing penis), orchietomy (removing testes), vaginoplasty (creating a vagina), clitoroplasty (creating a clitoris) and vulvoplasty (creating a vulva)
*more surgeries for girls becoming women
