psych psychotherapies Flashcards
Id
unconscious; instinctual sexual/aggressive urges and primary process thinking
Ego
serves as mediator between id and external environment; uses defense mechanisms to control instinctual urges and distinguishes fantasy from reality testing
superego
moral conscious
defense mechanisms
unconscious processes used by the Ego to protect oneself and relieve anxiety by keeping conflicts out of awareness; they can be normal and healthy (adaptive) or maladaptive (mental disorders)
mature defense mechanisms
healthy ad adaptive; seen in normal adults
Neurotic densese
encountered in obsessive-compulsive patients, hysterical patients and adults under stress
immature defenses
seen in kids, psychotic patients, and some nonpsychotic patients. They are the most primitive defense mechanisms
examples of mature defenses
altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression
altruism
performing acts that benefit others in order to vicariously experience pleasure
humor
experssing unpleasant or uncomfortable feelings without causing discomfort to self or others
sublimation
satisfying socially objectionable impulses in an acceptable manner (ex: person with urges to physically control others becomes a prison guard)
suppression
purposely ignoring an unacceptable impulse or emotion in order to diminish discomfort and accomplish a task
neurotic defenses examples
controlling, displacement, intellectualization, isolation of affect, rationalization, reaction formation, repression
controlling defense
regulating situatins and events of the external environment to relieve anxiety
displacement
shifting emotions from an undesirable situation to one that is personally tolerable (ex: student who is angry at his mother talks back to his teacher)
intellectualization
avoiding neg feelings by excessive use of intellectual functions by focsuing on irrelevant details or inanimate object
isolation of affect
unconsciously limiting the experience of feelings or emotions assoc with a stressful life event in order to avoid anxiety
rationalizaiton
ex: “my boss fired me today becase she’s short tempered and impulsive”
reaction formation
doing the opposite of an unacceptable impulse; ex: man who is in love with his married coworker insults her
repression
preventing a thought or feeling from entering consciousness
difference between repression and suppression
repression is unciousness whereas suppression is a conscios act
immature defenses
acting out; denial; regression; projection
acting out
man who has been tld his therapist is going on vacation “forgets” his last appt and skips it
denial
woman who has been scheduled for a breast mass biopsy cancels her appt because she believes she is healthy
regression
woman brings her childhood teddy bear to the hospital when she has to spend the night
projection
husband who is attacted to other women accuses his wife of having an affair
splitting
labeling people as all good or all bad; often seen in borderline personality disorder
undoing
attempting to reverse a situation by adopting a new behavior; man who has a brief fantasy of killing his wife by sabotaging her car takes the car in for a complete checkup
psychoanalysis may be useful in the reatment of what?
cluster C personality disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, problems coping with life events, anorexia, sexual disorders, dysthymic disorder
psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy
similar techniques to psychoanaysis but they are briefter and involve face to face sessions between the therapist and patient (no couch)
interpersonal therapy
focuses on the development of social skills to help treat certain psych disorders
supportive psychotherapy
purpose is to help patient feel safe during a difficult time; ideal patients are healthy individuals who are in crisis;
behavioral therapy
helps patients change behaviors that are contributing to their symptoms; involves conditioning an deconditioning
classical vs operant conditioning
classic is pavlov’s dog salivating when hears a bell; operant is a rat happened upon a lever and received food, eventually it learned to press lever for food (trial and error learning)
behavioral therapy techniques
systemic desensitization; flooding and implosion; aversion therapy; token economy; biofeedback
systemic desensitization
patient performs relaxation techniques while being exposed to incr doses of an anxiety producing stimulus; commonly used for phobic disorders
flooding and implosion
through habituation, the patient is confronted with a real (flooding) or imagined (implosion) anxiety-provoking stimulus and not allowed to withdraw from it until he or she feels calm and in control; commonly used to treat phobic disorders
aversion therapy
a negative stimulus (like electric shock) is repeatedly paired with a specific behavior to create an unpleasant response; used to treat addiction or paraphilias
token economy
rewards are given after a specific behaviors to positively reinforce them; can be used to encourage showering or shaving in MR or disorganized patients
biofeedback
physiologic data (HR, BP), are given to patients as they try to mentally control physiological states; can be used for migraines, htn, chronic pain, asthma, and incontinence
cognitive therapy
the patient is taught to recognize maladaptive thoughts and replace them with positive ones
cognitive-behavioral therapy
combines ideas from cognitive therapy and from behavioral therapy; homework assignments between therapy sessions; set agenda; challenge cognitive distortions;
DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy)
once weekly individual and once weekly group tx diminish the self-destructive behaviors of paitients with borderline pers disorder;
