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psych personality disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

personality disorders def

A

deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of relating to others that are maladaptive and cause signif impairment in functioning; these are axis II disorders

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2
Q

insight in personality disorder?

A

no

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3
Q

dsm IV criteria for personality disorder

A

pattern of behavior that deviates from the person’s culture and is manifested in two or more of listed ways; the pattern is pervasive, inflexible, stable an dhas onset no later than adolescnece

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4
Q

personality disorder onset

A

must be no later than adolescence or early adulthood

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5
Q

personality disorders cluster A

A

schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid

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6
Q

personality disorders cluster B

A

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

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7
Q

personality disorders cluster C

A

avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive

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8
Q

cluster A description

A

patients are eccentric, peculiar, or withdrawn; familiar assoc with psychotic disorders

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9
Q

cluster B description

A

pateitns seem emotional, dramatc, or inconsistent; familial assoc with mood disorders

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10
Q

cluster C description

A

patients seem anxious or fearful; famiial assoc with anxiety disorders

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11
Q

personality disorder NOS

A

includes disorders that do not fit into a cluster (incl passive-aggressive personality disorder and depressive personality disorder)

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12
Q

treatment for personality disorders

A

usually pharm tx not helpful (with exceptions); psychotherapy and group therapy are the most helpful

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13
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others and oten interpret motives as malevolent; blame problems on others; pathologically jealous

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14
Q

epidimiology of paranoid personality disorder

A

higher in men than women; higher incidence in family members of schizophrenics

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15
Q

how is paranoid personality disorder diff from paranid schizophrenia?

A

PPD patients do not have fixed delusions and are not psychotic, although they can have transient psychosis in stressful situations

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16
Q

treatment for paranoid personality disorder

A

psychotherapy; patients may also benefit from anti-anxiety meds or short course of antipsychotics for transient psychosis

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17
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

lifelong pattern of social withdrawal; perceived as eccentric and reclusive; quiet and unsociable with a restricted affect; no desire for close relationships

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18
Q

dsm 4 criteria for schizoid personality disorder

A

voluntary social withdrawal and restricted range of emotional expression, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts; four or more of the following

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19
Q

schizoid personality disorder- four or more of the following

A

neither enjoying nor desiring close relationships; generally choosing solitary activities; litle interest in sex; taking pleasure in few activities; few close friends; infidd to praise or criticism; emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affect

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20
Q

epidemiology for schizoid personality disorder

A

prevalence in men is twice that of women; there is NO incr incidence of schizoid personality disorder in families with schizophrenia

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21
Q

how is schizoid personality disorder different from paranoid schizophrenia

A

SPD patients do not have any fixed delusions, although these may exist transiently in some patients

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22
Q

his is schizoid personality disorder different from schizotypal personality disorder

A

typal has eccentric behavior or magical thinking; typal patients are more similar to schizophrenic patients in terms of odd perception, thought, and behavior

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23
Q

treatment for schizoid personality disorder

A

psychotherapy is treatment of choice; low dose anti-psychotics if transiently psychotic or anti-depressants if comorbid MD is dx

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24
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

a pattern of social deficits marked by eccentric behavior, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and discomfort with close relationships, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

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25
Q

criteria (five or more) for schizotypal personality

A

ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference); odd beliefs or magical thinking; unusual perceptual experiences; suspiciousness, inapprop affect; odd appearance; few close friends or confidants; odd thinking or speech; excessive social anxiety

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26
Q

how is schizotypal personality disorder different from paranoid schizophrenia

A

schizotypal patients do not have fixed delusions and they are not frankly psychotic

27
Q

how is schizotypal personality disorder difference from schizoid personality disorder

A

schizoid do not have the same eccentric behavior seen in patients with schizotypal

28
Q

treatment for schizotypal personality disorder

A

psychotherapy; short course of low dose antipsychotics if necessary (for transient psychosis)

29
Q

diagnosis of antisocial personalit disorder

A

pattern of disregard for others and violation of the rights of others since age 15; patients must be at least 18 years old; three of listed criteria

30
Q

three listed criteria for antisocial personality disorder

A

failureto conform to social norms by committing unlawful acts; deceitfulness/manipulating others for personal gain; impulsivity; irritability and aggressiveness; lack of remorse; recklessness; irresponsibility

31
Q

treatment for antisocial personality disorder

A

psychotherapy is generally ineffective; dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and behavioral therapy are the best options

32
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

pervasive pattern of impulsivity and unstable relationships, affects, self-image, and behaviors, present by early adulthood and in a variety of contexts. 5 criteria

33
Q

borderline personality disroder- at least 5 of these criteria

A

desperate efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment; unstable interpersonal relationships (love-hate); unstable self image; impulsivity; recurrent suicidal threats; unstable mood/affect; general feeling of emptiness; difficulty controlling anger; transient paranoid ideation

34
Q

epidemiology for borderline personality disorder

A

twice as common in women; suicide rate 10%

35
Q

treatment for BPD

A

psychotherapy (DBT) is the treatment of choice; pharmacotherapy as necessary

36
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, present by early adulthood and in a variety of contexts; at least five of criteria

37
Q

criteria for histrionic personality disorder

A

uncomfortable when not the center of attention; inapprop seductive behavior; uses physical appearance to draw attention; speech is impressionistic and lacking in detail; exaggerated expression of emotion; easily influenced by others or situation; perceives relationships as more intimate than they actually are

38
Q

treatment for histrionic personality disorder

A

psychotherapy is treatment of choice; pharmacotherapy as needed for sx

39
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts; five criteria must be met

40
Q

criteria for narcissistic personality disorder

A

exaggerated sense of self importance; preoccup with fantasies of unlimited money, success, brilliance, etc.; believes that he or she is special; needs excessive admiration; has sense of entitlement; takes advantage of others for self gain; lacks empathy; envious of others or believes others are envious of him; arrogant

41
Q

narcissistic personality disorder compared to antisocial personality disorder

A

both types of patients exploit others, but NPD patients want status and recognition, while antisocial patients want material gain or simply the subjugation of others

42
Q

treatment for narcissistic personality disorder

A

psychotherapy; group therapy may help these patients learn empathy; antidepressants or lithium may be used as needed

43
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

pattern of social inhibition, hypersens, and feeling of inadequacy since early childhood ; four of the criteria

44
Q

criteria for avoidant personality disorder

A

avoids occupation that involves interpersonal contact due to a fear of criticism and rejection; unwilling to interact unless certain of being liked; cautious of interpersonal relationships; believes he or she is socially inept or inferior; reluctant to engage in new activities for fear of embarassment

45
Q

difference between avoidant personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder

A

patients with avoidant pers disorder desire companionship but are extremely shy; those with schizoid pers disorder have no desire for companionship

46
Q

diff between social phobia (SAD) and avoidant personality disorder

A

if the sx are an integral part of the person’s personality and have been evident since before adulthood, personality disorder is more likely; social phobia is fear of embarassment, whereas APD is fear of rejection and a sense of inadequacy

47
Q

treatment for avoidant personality disorder

A

psychotherapy, including assertivesness training, is most effective; bta blockers may be used to control autonomic sx of anx and SSRIs may be prescribed for major depression

48
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

pattern of submissive and clnging behavior due to excessive need to be taken care of; at least five of the criteria

49
Q

criteria for dependent personality disorder

A

difficulty making veryday decisions without reassurance from others; needs others to assume responsbilities for most areas of her life; cannot express disagreement bc fear of loss of approval; difficulty initiating projects bc of lack of confidence; feels helpless when alone; urgently seeks another relationship when one ends

50
Q

dependent personality disorder sx tend to decrease with age and/or therapy

A

right

51
Q

treatment for dependent personality disorder

A

psychotherapy, particularly groups and social skills training; pharmacotherapy for assoc sx

52
Q

OCPD

A

pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, control, and perfectionism, at the expense of efficiency, present by early adulthood and in a variety of contexts; need at least four of the criteria

53
Q

OCPD criteria

A

preoccupation with detalis, rules, lists such that the major pt of the activity is lost; perfectionism that is detrimental to completion of the task; excessive devotion to work; excessive scrupulousness about morals and ethics; will not delegate; unable to discard worthless objects; miserly; rigid and stubborn

54
Q

gender in OCPD

A

men more likely than women; occurs most often in the oldest child

55
Q

differenced between OCD and OCPD

A

patients with OCPD do not have the recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are present in OCD; the sx of OCPD are ego-syntonic

56
Q

treatment for OCPD

A

psychotherapy (group therapy and behavior therapy may be useful)

57
Q

personality disorder NOS

A

includes disorders that don’t fall into clusters A, B, or C; examples are passive aggressive PD, depressive PD, sadomasochistic PD, and sadistic PD

58
Q

passive aggressive PD

A

patients are stubborn, inefficient procrastinators; they alternate between compliance and defiance and passively resist fulfillment of tasks; lack assertiveness;manipulate others to do their chores

59
Q

tx for passive aggressive PD

A

psychotherapy

60
Q

depressive PD

A

lifelong traits of depressed-like state; these people are pessimistic, chronically unhappy, and distressed

61
Q

antisocial personality disorder begins in childhood as what?

A

conduct disorder

62
Q

borderline personality disorder patients commonly use what defense mech?

A

splitting (viewing others as all good or all bad)

63
Q

pharmacotherapy and PD

A

pharmacotherapy is more useful in BPD than in any other PD

64
Q

histrionic patients often use what defense mech?

A

regression (revert to childlike behaviors); also seen in patients with DPD

Psych (23 decks)

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