Psych part 2 Flashcards
What is developmental psychology?
The study of age-related changes in behaviour and mental processes from conception onward
What are the three developmental psychological issues?
Nature and nuture
Change and stability
Continuity vs stages
What are the beginning things that happen in conceptions?
Conception(fertilization
Fetus(9 weeks)
Danger(alcohol, teratogen)
Learning(sound)
what are the newborn reflexes?
Rooting reflex
Sucking reflex
Crying when hungry
Concerning innate abilities what do newborns prefer?
Faces
Who developed the cognitive scale for children?
Jean Piaget
What are the different type of schemas and explain them
Assimilation
absorbing new information into existing schemas
Accommodation
adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to better fit with new information
What are the 4 stages according to piaget’s theory?
Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operation
What’s the sensorimotor stage?
Birth to 2yrs
Explore the world with their senses
Develop object permanence and stranger anxiety during this stage.
What’s the pre-operational stage?
2 to 7yrs
Represent their schemas with words and image
Engage in pretend plays
Before age 6- lack conservation: quality remains the same regardless of quality
What are children’s 2 ways of thinking?
Egocentric and theory of mind
What’s egocentric?
Cannot take another person’s perspective or point of view
A child holds up a picture to show her dad, but she holds it so that she can see it and her dad only sees the back of the paper
What the theory of mind?
The ability to take another’s perspective and to infer others’ mental states.
What’s concrete operational stage?
Children now grasp conservation problems
Children can also transform mathematical functions
4 + 8 = 12 and 12 – 4 = 8
Cannot reason abstractly or hypothetically
What’s formal operational stage?
Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning
ability goes to concrete to abstract
Can reason through problems
Recognize hypocrisy
Imagine realities that might exist (what if)
Logic and reasoning are developing
What reflections were made on Piaget’s theory?
Development is a continuous process.
Children express their mental abilities and operations at an earlier age than Piaget thought.
Formal logic is a smaller part of cognition.
What is the origin of attachment? and who was it discovered by?
Harlow (1958)
Monkeys taken away from their mothers
Given two surrogate mothers
Wire mother
Cloth mother
What are the different types of attachments in children?
Secure
Avoidant
Anxious
What’s secure attachment?
secure in nature (what they aim to be) seek contact with mom when
What’s avoidant attachment?
insecure in nature, indifference with leaving and coming back neutral
What’s anxious attachment?
child clinging to mom, loudly upset and remain upset, insecure
Is it true that an attachment patterns we develop as infants carry into our adulthood?
It’s true
What are the 4 different types of parenting styles?
Authoritarian
(Coercive)
Permissive
(Unrestraining)
Negligent
(Uninvolved)
Authoritative
(Confrontive)
What’s authoritarian parenting style?
Parents impose rules “because I said so”
and expect obedience. High control and little warmth