Mental Health Midterm 1 Flashcards
What’s the onset for Schizophrenia in males?
15-25 yrs old
What’s the onset for Schizophrenia in females?
25-35 yrs old
Schizophrenia is made up of what factors?
Thought, affect and reality
What are changes manifested by Schizophrenia?
Cognitive, perceptual, affective, motor and social domains
What are potential predisposing factors?
Genetics, biochemical physiological, psychological and environment
What are some biochemical factors?
-abnormal brain chemistry
-excess amount of dopamine receptors
-Antipsychotics lower levels by blocking receptors
What are the DSM5 criteria for Schizophrenia?
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Crossly disorganized/catatonic behaviour
Negative symptoms
How long do the criteria need to be present for?
6 months
how long does 1 of the three symptoms need to be present for?
1 month
How long does 2 of the 3 symptoms need to be present for?
2 months
What are the 4 phases of schizophrenia?
Premorbid, prodromal, active and residual
What’s premorbid?
Before clear evidence of the illness
ex; withdrawn, shy, poor relationship etc..
What’s prodromal?
More clearly manifest sign (2-5 yrs prior)
ex: Deterioration in function, social withdrawal
Depressive symptoms
Cognitive impairment
What’s the active phase?
DSM 5 criteria
What’s the residual phase?
Periods of exacerbation and remission ( managing it well)
What components are a part of the assessment?
Positive/negative symptoms
Cognition
Perception
Emotions
Behaviour
Socialization
What are examples of positive symptoms and explain them.
-Delusions- fake and false beliefs that can’t be reasoned
-Hallucination-false perceptions of the 5 senses with no trigger
-Illusion- false perception witht he 5 sense with a trigger
-Concrete thinking
-Disorganized speech(neologism, clang
What are some negative symptoms?
- Flat or blunted affect
Apathy
Avolution
Ambivalence
poverty of speech/content
What are some cognitive symptoms?
Memory- difficulty retrieving memory
Attention- difficulty concentrating
Decision making- impaired problem solving, lack of insight
What are some perceptive symptoms?
hallucination
Illusion
Alteration in body image
Poor visceral pain recognition
What are some emotion symptoms?
Apathy-lack of feeling
Difficulty naming emotions
Anhedonia- lack of joy
What are some behavioural cognitive symptoms?
Forgetfulness
Challenges like completing a task
Literal interpretations
What are some behavioural socialization symptoms?
-low self esteem
-Gender identity
-Social withdrawals and isolation
-social challenges
What can you do to intervene ?
Communication technique
Safe therapeutic environment
Increase self esteem
Treatment
What are some key communication techniques?
Seek validation, clarification
Empathy
Orient the client
Share observation
Offer choices
What are some key safe therapeutic environmental technique?
Protect from self destructive tendencies
Monitor physical needs
Build trust
Give your time
How do you help them increase their self esteem?
Provide sincere attention
Assist with ADL as needed
Break tasks down
Allow them to make decisions
Support problem solving
How do you deal with delusions?
Empathize with their feelings
don’t challenges the delusion
Assess intensity, frequency and duration
Identify triggers
Focus on reality
How do you dal with hallucination?
Be alert for clues
Be alert for command hallucination(the voice is telling them to do something)
Recognize affective components
Determine the pattern
Discuss reality
Distract them
What are some effective treatments for schizophrenia?
Psychotherapy
Behaviour therapy
Family therapy(education)
Social skill development
Meds- antipsychotic (risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, olanzapine)
