Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSU Freshman > Psych Final > Flashcards

Psych Final Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

Disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biopsychosocial model of abnormality

A

Abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bipolar disorder

A

severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of anxiety disorders

A

Behavioral: disordered behavior is learned

Cognitive: excessive anxiety from illogical, irrational thought processes

Biological: chemical imbalances, genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of mood disorders

A

Behavioral: link depression to learned helplessness

Cognitive: distorted, illogical thinking

Biological: variation in neurotransmitter levels, genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Criteria to determine abnormality

A
  1. Is behavior unusual?
  2. Does it go against social norms?
  3. Does it (behavior) cause significant subjective discomfort?
  4. Is the behavior maladaptive or result in an inability to perform?
  5. Does behavior cause the person to be dangerous to themselves or others?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnostic labels

A

Good and bad; allows for treatment and an explanation, but creates a stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DSM-5

A

Manual of psychological disorders and their symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory perceptions such as hearing voices that don’t really exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Major depression

A

Severe depression: too severe for circumstances or no apparent cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Obsessions

A

Intruding, reoccurring thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Disorder in which obsessions (thoughts) create anxiety that is relieved by performing compulsions (repetitive, ritualistic behavior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Panic disorder

A

Disorder in which panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phobia

A

an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Social phobias

A

Fear of negative evaluations in social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Specific phobias

A

fear of objects or specific situations or events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PTSD

A

Exposure to a major stressor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A long lasting psychotic disorder in which there is an inability to distinguish fantasy form reality as well as disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stress vulnerability mdoel

A

Psychological disorders occur when people with a predisposition toward these problems are exposed to stressors at critical points in development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Behavior Therapies

A

All behavior is learned; focused on behavior change, not cause; decrease undesired behavior and increase desired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biomedical Therapy

A

Use of biological or medical methods to solve problems (no learning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Characteristics of Effective Therapy
1. Matching therapy to client and problems 2. Therapeutic alliance 3. Protected setting 4. Opportunity for catharsis (vent) 5. Learning and practice of new behaviors 6. Positive experiences
26
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Learning to think more rationally and logically
27
Cognitive distortions
Sense of discomfort that occurs when ones behavior does not correspond to attitudes
28
exposure and response prevention
Exposure to feared/avoided stimulus. Prevent escape or avoidance response
29
Psychotherapy
Person talks to a psychological professional about problems
30
Systematic desensitization
Step 1: Relaxation training Step 2: Fear hierarchy Step 3: progressive exposure
31
Therapy
Treatment aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively
32
Actor-observer bias
When asked to explain our own behavior, we tend to attribute more to the situation and less about us
33
Altruism
prosocial behavior with no reward for us, but a chance of harm
34
Aggression
When one person hurts or tries to destroy another person deliberately, either with words or physical behavior
35
Attitudes
tendency to respond positively or negatively toward certain people, ideas, objects, or situations
36
Attribution
Process of explaining the behavior of ones self and others
37
Bystander effect
Fewer bystanders = less diffusion, more help
38
Cognitive dissonance
Sense of discomfort that occurs when ones behavior does not correspond to attitudes
39
Compliance
Occurs when a person changes behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change
40
Compliance techniques
Foot-in-the-door technique, door in the face technique, Lowball technique, That's not all technique
41
Foot-in-the-door technique
Small request followed by a larger request
42
Door-in-the-face technique
Big request comes first, then smaller request that doesn't seem so bad
43
Lowball technique
Cost of commitment increases once you've made commitment
44
That's-not-all technique
Before a decision, the person trying to get you to do something offers you more to make the deal seem even better
45
Conformity
Changing ones own behavior to match that of others
46
Dispositional causes of behavior
Something about the personal qualities of you
47
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency for people to overestimate the influence of another person's internal characteristics on behavior and underestimate the situation
48
Groupthink
Occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned
49
Impression formation
The forming of the first knowledge that a person has concerning another person. Influenced by the primacy effect.
50
Interpersonal attraction
Double check
51
Obedience
Changing ones behavior at the command of an authority figure
52
Persuasion
N/A
53
Prejudice
Negative thoughts and feelings about a particular social group
54
Social categorization
Autonomic, unconscious assignment of a new acquaintance to some category or group
55
prosocial behavior
N/A
56
Situational causes of behavior
Factors external to the person
57
Social cognition
The ways in which people think about others
58
Social facilitation
Positive influence of others on performance
59
Social impairment
negative influence of others on performance
60
Social interaction
Relationships between people
61
Social loafing
When lazy person works in a group, that person often performs worse than if the person were working alone
62
Social psychology
The scientific study of how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by real, imagined, or implied presence of others
63
Stereotype
N/A
64
Anterograde amnesia
when memory for anything new becomes impossible, although old memories may still be retrievable
65
Declarative memory
Things that people know (or can know)
66
Elaborative Rehearsal
A method of transferring info from STM to LTM by making that info meaningful in some way
67
Encoding
Converting environmental and mental stimuli into memorable brain codes
68
Flashbulb memories
Automatic encoding due to unexpected, highly emotional event
69
Forgetting
Failure to properly store information for future use
70
Long-term memory
System of memory into which all the info is placed to be kept more or less permanently
71
Maintenance rehearsal
System of memory into which all the info is placed to be kept more or less permanently
72
Memory
System that senses, organizes, stores, and retrieves information
73
Procedural memory
Motor skills, habits, emotional associations (typing, starting car)
74
Retrieval
Pulling information from storage
75
Retrieval cue
a stimulus for remembering
76
Retrograde amnesia
loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past
77
Selective attention
ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input
78
Sensory memory
First state of memory; the point at which info enters the nervous system through the sensory systems
79
serial position effect
info at the beginning and end of a list is remembered better than material in the middle
80
Short-term memory
memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used
81
Storage
"Holding on" to encoded information
82
Big five (5-factor model)
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
83
Ego
Deals with reality. "Middle man". Cant always get what you want
84
personality
the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave
85
Superego
Moral center of personality
86
Unconscious
Level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other info are kept they are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness
87
id
Completely unconscious. If it feels good, let's do it!
88
Conscientiousness
How motivated you are
89
Extraversion
How social you are
90
Agreeableness
Emotional style of a person
91
Openness
willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
92
Neuroticism
Emotional stability
93
Conscious
Contact with outside world; current awareness
94
trait-situation interaction
the circumstances of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed
95
Conflict
a pull toward two desires or goals, only one of which can be attained
96
emotion-focused coping
Change stressor impact by changing emotional reaction
97
Frustration
response when a desired goal or a perceived need is blocked
98
General Adaptation Syndrome
three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress
99
GAS Stages
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
100
Type A personality
Irritable, hostile, angry, time-conscious, hardworking
101
Type B personality
Relaxed, less competitive, slow to anger
102
Type C personality
pleasant, repressed, internalizes anger/anxiety
103
pressure
urgent demands or expectations from an outside source
104
problem-focused coping
eliminate/reduce source of stress via direct action
105
Stress
the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to threatening or challenging events
106
Stressor
events that cause a stress reaction

PSU Freshman (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions