Psych end 6 start 7 Flashcards
Retroactive interference
Answer Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the retrieval of old memories.
Déjà vu
Answer Deja vu is the feeling of having previously experienced a situation, explained by the uncoupling of source and content in memory.
Safe injection sites
Answer Safe injection sites provide a controlled environmentthat can trigger conditioned tolerance, potentially reducing overdose risks.
Source memory failure
Answer Source memory failure is the inability to recall the origin of a piece of information, leading to detachment of content from context.
Transient memory loss?
Answer Transience refers to the loss of information over time from short-term and long-term memory, often illustrated by the forgetting curve.
Proactive interference?
Answer Proactive interference happens when old memories hinder the learning or retrieval of new information.
Persistence in memory?
Answer Persistence is the intrusive recall of memories, particularly distressing ones, that individuals would prefer to forget.
Recency effect?
Answer The recency effect is the tendency to better remember the most recently presented information.
Phonetic encoding?
Answer Phonetic encoding involves processing information based on its sound, which is a more superficial level of encoding.
Conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Answer A conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
Conditioned tolerance ?
Answer Conditioned tolerance is when the body’s countermeasures to drug effects become associated with environmental cues, reducing overdose risk.
Misinformation effect?
Answer The misinformation effect occurs when misleading information alters an individual’s memory of an event.
Impact of suggestibility on memory?
Answer Suggestibility influences memory by allowing external cues to alter or create false memories based on.
Absentmindedness?
Answer Absentmindedness is an attention failure where distraction leads to lapses in memory, often resulting in forgetting where items were placed.
Role of the amygdala in memory persistence?
Answer The amygdala enhances the consolidation of traumatic memories, making them more vivid and accessible.
Spontaneous recovery?
Answer Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of rest following extinction.
Factors contributing to memory bias?
Answer Memory bias is influenced by an individual’s emotional state during retrieval, which can alter the content or tone of memories.
False memories and source confusion?
Answer False memories occur when individuals recall events that did not happen, often due to the uncoupling of content from its original source.
Countermeasures in drug use?
Answer Countermeasures are physiological responses that oppose the effects of a drug and can develop through classical conditioning in familiar environments.
False recognition in eyewitness testimony?
Answer False recognition in eyewitness testimony occurs when individuals misidentify suspects based on familiarity rather than accurate recall of the event.
Memory system components?
Answer Memory systems involve the interaction of content and context, where failures can lead to misattribution and false memories.
Classical conditioning definition?
Answer Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
Acquisition in classical conditioning?
Answer Acquisition is the initial stage of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Forgetting curve? time.
Answer The forgetting curve demonstrates that information loss occurs rapidly shortly after learning, with retention stabilizing over
Elaborative encoding?
Answer Elaborative encoding involves processing information at a deeper semantic level, enhancing memory retention.
False recognition?
False recognition occurs when an individual identifies something they have not actually encountered, often due to source confusion.
Conditioned response in drug tolerance?
Answer A conditioned response in drug tolerance refers to body’s learned physiological response to environmental cues associated with drug use.
Memory misattribution?
Answer Memory misattribution occurs when a person recalls information but confuses its source, potentially leading to false memories.
Unconditioned stimulus? (US)
Answer n unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that naturally triggers a response without prior learning.
Extinction in classical conditioning?
Answer Extinction occurs when a conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.
Reconsolidation of memories?
Answer Reconsolidation is the process of updating memories upon retrieval, which can lead to alterations and the creation of false memories.
Blocking in memory?
Answer Blocking is a retrieval failure where an individual is unable to access a specific memory, often described as the ‘tip of the tongue’ phenomenon.
Countermeasures in drug use?
Countermeasures are physiological responses that oppose the effects of a drug, developed through classical conditioning.
Emotional state and memory recall?
A person’s emotional state can significantly influence how they retrieve and reconsolidate memories.
Compensatory strategy in memory?
Answer A compensatory strategy is a method employed to compensate for memory failures by writing information down to avoid reliance on memory retrieval.
Persistency of traumatic memories?
Answer Persistence refers to the intrusive recall of distressing memories, often due to emotional intensity and the role of the amygdala.
Suggestibility in memory
Answer the tendency to incorporate misleading information into one’s memory due to external cues.
Deja vu explained by memory systems?
Answer when a situation feels familiar due to the uncoupling of content from its source, leading to a sense of having lived through it before.
What is the impact of suggestibility on memory?
Answer the degree to which external cues influence a person’s memory, potentially leading to the creation of false memories.
What are the implications of memory detection services?
Answer Memory detection services claim to identify truthfulness based on brain activity, but they cannot differentiate between memory searching and retrieval.
What can trigger the persistence of traumatic memories?
Answer persistence of traumatic memories can be triggered by emotional intensity and the activation of the amygdala during recall.
How does interference impact memory retention?
Answer Interference occurs when new or old information disrupts the ability to remember other information, leading to memory difficulties.
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
Answer The hippocampus is responsible for consolidating memories and making them accessible for retrieval.
What is the concept of false recognition in memory tasks?
Answer False recognition refers to the misidentification of items or events that an individual has not actually encountered, often due to familiarity without source context.
What role does the amygdala play in enhancing memory consolidation?
Answer enhances memory consolidation by activating during emotionally charged experiences, making those memories more vivid and persistent.
Recognition tasks and false recognition?
Answer Recognition tasks can lead to false recognition when individuals rely on familiarity rather than contextual cues to identify information.
Memory reconsolidation process?
Answer Memory reconsolidation is the updating and revising of existing memories, which can lead to the incorporation of new, potentially inaccurate information.
Blocking in memory retrieval?
Answer Blocking occurs when there is difficulty retrieving specific information, often due to a lack of intuitive connections, exemplified by the tip of the tongue phenomenon.
Impact of distractions on absentmindedness?
Answer Absentmindedness results from distractions that prevent attention to information, leading to failures in memory retention.
Cues in memory retrieval
Cues can assist in memory retrieval but may not always be effective, especially when the information lacks intuitive connections.
Influence of sources on memory accuracy?
Answer The credibility and context of a source significantly influence the accuracy of memories and the potential for misattribution.
How does searching for a memory affect neurological circuits?
Answer Searching for a memory activates the same neurological circuits as actually retrieving a memory, making it difficult to distinguish between the two.
What is the significance of the amygdala in memory persistence?
Answer The amygdala enhances the consolidation of emotionally charged memories, contributing to their persistence, especially in traumatic contexts.
What is the relationship between emotional state and memory reconsolidation?
Answer emotion state during memory retrieval can influence how memories are reconsolidated, potentially altering their content.
What role does emotional state play in memory bias?
Answer can influence how memories are retrieved and reconsolidated, often leading to distorted memories that reflect the individual’s current feelings.
How do safe injection sites relate to conditioned tolerance?
Answer Safe injection sites provide a familiar environment that can trigger conditioned responses, potentially reducing the risk of overdose by activating countermeasures.
What is the significance of the forgetting curve in memory studies?
Answer The forgetting curve illustrates the decline of memory retention over time, emphasizing that information loss is most rapid shortly after learning.
What is the role of the amygdala in memory persistence?
Answer The amygdala activates during perceived threats, enhancing the consolidation of traumatic memories, making them more vivid and accessible.
What is the impact of emotional state on memory retrieval?
Answer A person’s current emotional state can influence how they retrieve and reconsolidate memories, often altering their content or emotional tone.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Answer A conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
What role do environmental cues play in drug tolerance?
Answer Environmental cues can become conditioned stimuli that trigger physiological countermeasures, which help mitigate the effects of drugs and reduce overdose risk.
How does the process of reconsolidation affect memories?
Answer Reconsolidation allows memories to be updated or altered upon retrieval, which can lead to the incorporation of new or inaccurate information.
How can safe injection sites reduce overdose risk?
Answer Safe injection sites provide familiar environments that may trigger conditioned responses, enhancing countermeasures and reducing the likelihood of overdose.
Role of the amygdala in memory?
Answer The amygdala enhances the consolidation of memories, particularly traumatic ones, making them more vivid and accessible.
Misinformation effect in memory?
Answer The misinformation effect describes how exposure to misleading information can distort an individual’s recollection of an event.
Tip of the tongue phenomenon?
Answer The tip of the tongue phenomenon is a retrieval failure where an individual knows that they know the information but cannot access it at that moment.
Types of interference affecting memory?
Answer Retroactive interference occurs when new information disrupts the recall of old memories, while proactive interference happens when old memories hinder the learning of new information.
Neuroscience of memory searching?
Answer Searching for a memory activates similar neurological circuits as actually retrieving it, complicating the distinction between the two.
Memory retrieval challenges in large groups?
Retrieving names in large groups can be challenging due to network failures in memory, where the right connections may not be easily accessible.
Memory misattribution?
Answer Memory misattribution is when content is remembered but the source or context is lost, leading to incorrect associations.
Interference in memory retention?
Answer Interference occurs when new or old memories disrupt the retrieval of other memories, complicating the learning process.
Nature of memory failures?
Memory failures can manifest as transience, blocking, misattribution, and suggestibility, each affecting how information is retained and recalled.
How does emotional state influence memory retrieval?
Answer A person’s current emotional state can bias the retrieval and reconsolidation of memories, altering their content or emotional tone.
How does the phenomenon of blocking manifest in daily life?
Answer Blocking can manifest as difficulty recalling specific names or titles, often experienced as knowing the information but being unable to access it.
How does interference affect memory retention?
Answer Interference can hinder memory retention by causing new information to disrupt the recall of existing memories or vice versa.
What is the difference between retroactive and proactive interference?
Answer Retroactive interference involves new information hindering the recall of old memories, while proactive interference involves old memories obstructing the learning of new information.
How does the concept of ‘tip of the tongue’ phenomenon relate to blocking?
Answer phenomenon exemplifies blocking, where individuals are aware of knowing information but cannot retrieve it due to lack of intuitive connections.
Conditioned tolerance and overdose risk?
Answer Conditioned tolerance can reduce overdose risk by triggering protective responses in familiar settings, but may increase risk in unfamiliar environments.
Emotional bias in memory retrieval?
Answer Emotional bias affects how memories are retrieved and reconsolidated, often altering their content based on the individual’s current emotional state.
Emotional intensity and memory consolidation?
Answer Emotional intensity enhances memory consolidation, making memories more vivid and persistent, particularly in traumatic experiences.
