ch 5 PSYCH understanding consciousness

Question 1

What is intentionality in consciousness?

Answer 1

A property of consciousness where it is about something purposeful, directing focus and attention intentionally.

Question 2

What does unity in consciousness refer to?

Answer 2

The integrated experience of moving through the world as an intentional being, aware of perceptions and thoughts, naturally integrating all experiences.

Question 3

What is melatonin?

Answer 3

A hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles; can be taken as a supplement to aid sleep.

Question 4

What are the levels of awareness?

Answer 4

Different levels of consciousness ranging from full consciousness where you’re fully aware, to minimal consciousness where sensations occur but awareness is reduced.

Question 5

What is selective attention?

Answer 5

A property of consciousness where it focuses on some things while tuning out others, filters extraneous information and has limited resources.

Question 6

What characterizes REM sleep?

Answer 6

Stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and brain activity resembling wakefulness, where most vivid dreams occur.

Question 7

What is the practical approach to dreams?

Answer 7

An explanation for dreams based on cognitive psychology which states that dreams are a reflection of preoccupations in waking life, helping individuals prepare for future tasks.

Question 8

What are sleep spindles and k complexes?

Answer 8

Observed during stage 2 sleep, these waveforms may help maintain sleep by filtering sensory stimulation that could disrupt sleep.

Question 9

What is the meaning approach to dreams?

Answer 9

A perspective that suggests dreams have important inherent meanings that need to be deciphered by separating manifest content from latent content or symbols in dreams.

Question 10

What are prefrontal areas in the brain involved in?

Answer 10

Brain regions involved in decision-making, social behavior, and personality expression, not as active during dreaming.

Question 11

What is the cultural perspective on dreaming?

Answer 11

Recognition of how different cultures interpret and value dreams, ranging from curiosity to spiritual beliefs.

Question 12

What is slow wave sleep?

Stage?
Sleep isssues?

Answer 12

Stage of sleep with highly synchronized, slow neural firing patterns, including delta waves; associated with the release of restorative factors.

Stage 3-4.
Sleep walking night terrors.

Question 13

What is insomnia?

Answer 13

A common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or early awakening, often associated with anxiety or worry.

Question 14

What are nightmares?

Able or unable to explain?

Answer 14

Vivid and upsetting dreams that occur during REM sleep, often leading to full consciousness and emotional disturbances.

Able to explain after waking means nightmare.

Question 15

What is consciousness?

Answer 15

The subjective experience of the world around you and your own mind, including perception, self-awareness, and attention.

Question 16

What are alpha waves?

Answer 16

Higher amplitude and more synchronized brain waves indicating a different level of consciousness: drowsieness and relaxed. After beta but before stage 1-theta.

Beta, Alpha, Thets-stage 1.

Question 17

What is a sleep cycle?

Answer 17

The recurring stages of sleep experienced by individuals during a night’s rest, typically consisting of slow wave sleep and REM sleep episodes.

Question 18

What is sleep apnea?

Answer 18

A condition characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality and potential health issues.

Question 19

What are neurobiological theories of dreaming?

Answer 19

Perspectives such as the activation synthesis perspective that view dreams as random brain activity during REM sleep, with dreams being an attempt to impose meaning on nonsensical brain activity.

Question 20

What is the consolidation hypothesis?

Answer 20

A perspective suggesting that dreams reflect the brain’s process of consolidating memories and experiences from the day.

Question 21

What is sleepwalking?

Answer 21

A disorder in which a person walks or carries out activities while they are asleep, typically during slow wave sleep and with no recollection upon waking.

Question 22

What is the structure of the sleep cycle?

Answer 22

Pattern of transitioning through different sleep stages (1, 2, 3 or 4, slow wave, REM) that repeats throughout the night; individual sleep needs vary.

Question 23

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 23

A rare neurological condition involving uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep, usually directly into REM sleep.