Psych Ass (Prof. Jehn) Flashcards
Spearman Brown formula is usually used in which of the following?
a) Establishing Split-half reliability.
b) Establishing Parallel forms reliability.
c) Establishing reliability for heterogeneous tests.
d) Establishing reliability for speed tests.
a) Establishing Split-half reliability.
A study reveals that the higher a person’s food intake is in the evening, the lesser his sleep quality gets. This kind of results show
a) Negative relationship
b) Positive relationship
c) Significant difference
d) No significant relationship
a) Negative relationship
The Children Personality Questionnaire-R (CPQR) is an example of what kind of test?
a) Unstructured test
b) Projective test
c) Structured test
d) Intelligence test
c) Structured test
The test taker neglected to have breakfast before the test. As he proceeds with the examination, his stomach starts to growl. What type of challenge to internal validity does this situation pose?
a) Testing
b) Instrumentation
c) History
d) Selection
c) History
Which of the following elements must be present before an experiment can be called as a true experiment?
a) Random assignment
b) Control group
c) Any of the above
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The Draw-A-Person test is developed by:
a) Lewis Terman
b) John Buck
c) R.B. Cattell
d) Florence Goodenough
d) Florence Goodenough
When the distribution of scores includes outliers, it is better not to use
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) All of the above
a) Mean
This is the test used to determine the current developmental level of infants.
a) Apgar test
b) Kaufman Assessment Battery
c) Woodcock-Johnson III
d) Bayley Scale
d) Bayley Scale
In order to determine the concurrent validity of a test, the statistical tool to be employed is
a) Spearman-brown formula
b) Kuder-Richardson 20
c) Point-biserial correlation
d) Pearson r
d) Pearson r
When testing for reliability of your newly made test, you divided the total number of items in two and correlated them. You took this step to determine which of the following?
a) the factors within the test and confirm other underlying. factors if present
b) If all the items in the test measures the same dimension
c) the validity of the items by using the first half of the
items as criterion to validate the second then computing the validity of the first half using the second half as criterion afterwards.
d) All of the above
b) If all the items in the test measures the same dimension
The 16-PF is a personality test that could also determine unusual responses. Specifically, which of the following?
a) Impression Management
b) Infrequency
c) Acquiescence
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
When our code of ethics conflicts with the law, what is the best step to do?
a) Maintain our stance regardless of the law as our ethical code is formulated to protect the safety of our clients
and patients
b) Adhere to the law, but at the same time try to minimize the inconvenience it might inflict to the people involved
c) Obey the law as it is the highest order of the land.
d) Resolve the conflict while being committed to the code of ethics
d) Resolve the conflict while being committed to the code of ethics
For individuals who are legally incapable of providing consent, we must
a) Nevertheless explain appropriately to the client
b) Obtain informed assent from them
c) Obtain appropriate permission from their legally authorized person
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Kuromi and Cinnamoroll are trying to build a wooden table.
They lack the necessary tools for the project so they decided to use a rubber band to measure the length of every plank of wood. This situation can lead to which of the following?
a) Having a systematic error. (fixed error)
b) Having a random error. (changing error)
c) Mark ate more than Arvin did the night before
d) None of the above
b) Having a random error. (changing error)
When releasing test data, we divulge which of the following?
a) Release raw and scaled scores
b) Release client’s responses to the test questions
c) Observation notes
d) None of the above
d) None of the above
In creating a research, which one of the following types of
statements is always false?
a) Analytical statement
b) Falsifiable statement
c) Contradictory statement
d) Hypothetical statement
c) Contradictory statement
One of the primary objectives in developing this scale was to provide an intelligence test suitable for adults, as previously available tests were all designed for school children.
a) Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
b) Raven’s Progressive Matrices
c) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
d) Culture Fair Intelligence Test
a) Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
States that measurement error is always random, and advocates standardization of tests.
a) Domain Sampling Model
b) Classical Test Score Theory
c) Item Discriminability Analysis
e) Item Response Theory
b) Classical Test Score Theory
A company, in order to determine whether the new computer system will significantly reduce the amount of time spent in data processing, divided their Finance department into two groups. The first group used the new system, while the second group used the old one. However, upon learning of this set-up, the workers in the second group worked
overtime to make sure that they would finish processing their data faster. This is an example of
a) Reactivity
b) Pygmalion effect
c) Rosenthal effect
d) John Henry effect
d) John Henry effect
How do you establish Alternate Forms reliability?
a) You administer the form A of your personality inventory to your sample. After they are finished, you administer the form B.
b) You administer the form A to your sample, wait a couple of weeks, and then administer the form B to the same
sample.
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
c) All of the above
Makibao, hailed as the swiftest tortoise of his time, boasts a remarkable speed of 50 mph even without footwear. Curious to test whether he could accelerate further with shoes, he experimented with three distinct shoe brands. If Makibao is a research subject in this scenario, we can say the study being made has _____ design.
a) Between-subjects
b) Within-subjects
c) Mixed
d) Factorial
b) Within-subjects
Michelle developed a test with two sets. In order to identify its reliability, she should employ what statistical tool?
a) Pearson r
b) Kuder-Richardson 20
c) Cronbach’s alpha
d) Kappa statistics
a) Pearson r
If you, as a certified psychometrician, are devising a psychological assessment aimed at gauging symptoms of ability Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which of the following statements is accurate?
a) The acceptable range of reliability for Psychological Test is .70 and above
b) You must use Test-retest in measuring reliability to
ensure the consistency of symptoms.
c) You must first ascertain that the test will measure MDD symptoms.
d) The reliability of the test must be at least .95
d) The reliability of the test must be at least .95
Henry wants to increase the reliability of his 35-item test. In order to do so, what should he do?
a) Conduct pilot testing
b) Add more items
c) find experts to validate the test
d) correlate it to similar tests
not part of the study but affect
b) Add more items
In this type scale, all respondents who agree with the stronger statements of the attitude will also agree with milder statements.
a) Likert scale
b) Paired comparisons
c) Multiple choice
d) Guttman scale
d) Guttman scale
According to the code of ethics, which of the following is true when it comes to disclosing information?
a) We disclose information only when the client provides permission to do so
b) We disclose information to the source of referral even without the consent of the client
c) When the people need to be protected from harm
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Bruce asked his professor for help regarding a sensitive
case of a research subject he is currently handling in his study. He gave his professor the necessary information about the case, but not the name of the subject. Bruce is protecting his subject’s
a) Anonymity
c) Obscurity
b) Confidentiality information
d) Privacy
a) Anonymity
Alice was given an intelligence test on Monday and she obtained a score of 100, She took the same test on
Wednesday, and she obtained a score of 130. Based on this, the intelligence test is therefore
a) Reliable but not valid
b) Valid but not reliable
c) Not reliable and not valid
d) Reliable and valid
c) Not reliable and not valid
Which of the following personality tests does not score
ambiguous responses?
a) Sack’s Sentence Completion Test
b) Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
c) Purpose in Life test
d) None of the above
d) None of the above
If there is evidence that the association between two variables is not significantly different from 0, then we
a) Reject the null hypothesis
b) Reject the alternative hypothesis
c) Accept the alternative hypothesis.
d) Both a and b
b) Reject the alternative hypothesis
At the very least, what should be the item difficulty of a multiple-choice item with four choices for it to be reasonable?
a) .25
b) .30
c) .20
d) .15
b) .30
When creating an achievement test, you need to make sure that the item difficulty index must be
a) .30
b) Equal to the value in percentage when 100% is divided by the number of distractors.
c) Greater than or equal to the difficulty index of standardized intelligence tests.
d) Greater than the level of success expected by chance alone.
d) Greater than the level of success expected by chance alone.
This is developed when the classical test score theory is deemed inadequate in identifying the true ability of the test takers.
a) Domain Sampling Model
b) Item discriminability
c) Item Response Theory
d) Item Analysis
c) Item Response Theory
Test-retest reliability only applies to
a) Overt behaviors
b) Covert traits
c) Stable traits
d) Dominant traits
c) Stable traits
The researchers are in the middle of the experiment seeking to identify if noise affects concentration when suddenly the aircon turned off. If the experiment continues, what could be an extraneous variable in this case?
a) Noise
b) Concentration
c) Volume of the sound
d) Temperature
d) Temperature
Jovie is a newly-hired psychometrician in a company. Just before her scheduled employee testing, her boss spoke to her and asked if she could finish the assessment, which normally takes 2 hours, within 30 minutes justifying that the testing procedures are just formality and the employee would be accepted no matter what. What should Jovie do?
a) Finish the assessment within 30 minutes, as apparently the test would not be used as a basis for hiring selection
b) Compromise with the boss to give her at least 30
minutes more
c) Agree, but inform the applicant about the change
d) Do not agree and explain the testing procedures to the boss
d) Do not agree and explain the testing procedures to the boss
Establishing this psychometric property requires good logical
skills and intuition.
a) Construct validity
b) Content validity
c) Face validity
d) Interrater Reliability
b) Content validity
He recognized the need for the rapid classification of recruits
with respect to general intellectual level during World War I.
a) Alfred Binet
b) Robert Yerkes
c) Karl Pearson
d) Sir Francis Galton
b) Robert Yerkes
The more items a test has, the higher the reliability it will possess. The concept behind this is called
a) Domain Sampling Model
b) Item Response Theory
c) Classical Test Score Theory
d) Item Bank Analysis
a) Domain Sampling Model
In test retest, carryover effects do not harm the reliability when
a) The changes in score happened on only a proportion of the test takers
b) The changes in score happened on all of the test takers
c) The changes in score affected only few test items
d) The changes in score affected all the test items
b) The changes in score happened on all of the test takers
Which of the following is an example of external consistency?
a) Interrater reliability
b) Alternate Forms reliability
c) Split-half reliability
d) None of the above
a) Interrater reliability
You just discovered your partner cheating in your apartment last night. You broke your relationship with him/her, and spent the whole night losing sleep. You have to go to work the next morning for your scheduled sessions with your client. In your current situation:
a) You should go to work and meet your clients tomorrow as it is our duty to provide service unconditionally
b) You should only choose to continue the sessions that are deemed crucial and take the rest of the day off
c) You should reschedule or refer them to other professionals as you are unfit to provide services to the clients
d) You should choose the cases related to your current situation in order to provide more effective service to the clients
c) You should reschedule or refer them to other professionals as you are unfit to provide services to the clients
Your client just disclosed to you that although he has AIDS, he still engages in sexual relations with other people. He added that as today is the anniversary of his marriage with his wife, he also plans to sleep with her tonight. Based on the ethics, you should
a) Talk the client out of doing it, and never let him go for the night
b) Inform the wife and the corresponding institution/authorities to address the situation
c) Adhere to the confidentiality of the information but secretly inform the authorities to handle the matter
d) Never divulge the information, although try your hardest to deter your client from doing it
b) Inform the wife and the corresponding institution/authorities to address the situation
This is established by identifying the total test scores of those who have answered correctly in a particular item of the test.
a) Item analysis
b) Item difficulty
c) Discriminability Analysis
d) Convergent analysis
c) Discriminability Analysis
Patricia’s IQ is one standard deviation above the mean. Her IQ is
a) 110
b) 85
c) 125
d) 115
d) 115
Which of the following is true about validity and reliability?
a) A test can be valid but not reliable
b) A test can only be both valid and reliable
c) A test can be reliable but not valid
d) A test once reliable is naturally valid
c) A test can be reliable but not valid
In his study, Alex seeks to determine whether the level of satisfaction of employees in Company A is higher than that of the employees in Company B. The statistical treatment to use would be
a) ANOVA
b) Spearman rho
c) One-tailed test
d) Two-tailed test
c) One-tailed test
Cary is trying to establish the construct validity of her newly-developed test about heroism. She learned, based on her literature, that heroism is not related to narcissism. A correlation was made between her participant’s scores in the heroism test and in the test for narcissism. For Cary to establish validity, what should the result be?
a) There should be a correlation between the two tests
b) There should not be a correlation between the two tests
c) The results would be insufficient to determine the
convergent validity of the test
d) The results would be insufficient as criterion validity must first be established
b) There should not be a correlation between the two tests
Which of the following does not describe Projective tests?
a) Projective instruments are more susceptible to faking
b) Most projective techniques are inadequately standardized with respect to both administration and scoring
c) Coefficients of Internal Consistency, when computed, have usually been low
d) Interpretation of scores is often as projective to the
examiner as the test stimuli are for the examinee
a) Projective instruments are more susceptible to faking
Changes the causes the performance to improve as the experiment goes on
a) Practice effect
b) Fatigue effect
c) Progressive effect
d) Test-retest effect
a) Practice effect
Which is not true about case studies?
a) Low degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions
b) High degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions
c) Low imposition of units
d) High imposition of units
b) High degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions
When talking about psychometric soundness, you are referring to
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Reliability and Validity
d) Reliability, Validity, and Utility
c) Reliability and Validity
The first intelligence test to include nonverbal scale as a measure of human intelligence is developed by
a) David Weschler
b) James McKeen Cattell
c) Alfred Binet
d) Lewis Terman
a) David Weschler
Which of the following is not attributed to Raymond B. Cattell?
a) Factor analysis
b) Crystallized intelligence
c) the term “Mental tests”
d) Culture-fair
c) the term “Mental tests”
When the test measures what it is supposed to measure, it is
a) Reliable
b) Valid
c) Valid only
d) Both a and b
d) Both a and b
In 16-PF, a score in the fifth percentile and below in Impression Management indicates that the client is
a) Faking good
b) Faking bad
c) Agreeing to most questions
d) Responding infrequently
b) Faking bad
The tendency of test takers to score on the low end of the scale.
a) Leniency error
b) Central tendency error
c) Strictness error
d) Distribution error
c) Strictness error
Which of the following is not true about the APGAR test?
a) It is the very first test given to a newborn
b) It stands for Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
c) It is given to the infant only once before leaving the hospital
d) It is administered one minute after the infant is born, and again after 5 minutes
c) It is given to the infant only once before leaving the hospital
Eden forgot to set the timer for the test she is currently administering. What kind of threat is present in this?
a) Statistical regression
b) Instrumentation
c) Testing
d) History
b) Instrumentation
The best way to control demand characteristics.
a) Single-blind experiments
b) Double-blind experiments
c) Covert operations
d) Any of the above
a) Single-blind experiments
Objective tests are paired with projective tests because the latter provides the former with ______ validity.
a) Concurrent
b) Predictive
c) Incremental
d) None of the above
b) Predictive
Cora wants to develop a test that would determine if recently fired employees would lose purpose in life after a year. She developed her Living with Purpose scale and administered it to her participants. After a year, she administered the Purpose in Life test, and correlated its scores to the test she created a year before. Cora is trying to determine what psychometric property?
a) Concurrent validity
b) Predictive validity
c) Convergent validity
d) Test-retest reliability
b) Predictive validity
Which of the following is not a primary factor in the 16PF?
a) Dominance
b) Tough-Mindedness
c) Vigilance
d) Privateness
b) Tough-Mindedness
Jessica’s NMAT results placed her in the 85th percentile. This
means that
a) Jessica belongs in the upper 15% of the test takers
b) 85% of the test takers got higher votes than Jessica
c) 15% of the test takers got equal or lower votes than Jessica
d) Both b and c
a) Jessica belongs in the upper 15% of the test takers
Lorna is developing a test about altruism. According to a theory she read, altruism is not related to aggression. She then proceeded to correlate her newly-established test to another test that measures aggression. What type of validity could she establish?
a) Concurrent validity
b) Construct validity
c) Convergent validity
d) Divergent validity
d) Divergent validity
During an emergency and an immediate mental health service is required which is beyond our competence, we should
a) Give the necessary service even when we lack proper training
b) Do not give the service as it is beyond our competence
c) Address the situation but avoid actually handling the
case
d) Wait until the competent services are available before helping with the case
a) Give the necessary service even when we lack proper training
Gee Anne’s experiment involves two independent variables each with two levels: Sex (Male and Female) and Math test (Easy and hard). This experimental design is called
a) Two independent groups design
b) Factorial design
c) Multiple groups design
d) Matched-groups design
b) Factorial design
How will you establish criterion-related validity?
a) Administer your test followed by a standardized test of a construct that, based on literature, should be related to your own construct, then correlate the scores obtained. You then judge the strength of the validity by the strength of the correlation.
b) You let a number of experts examine your items to see if it was able to adequately tap on the construct that you are trying to measure.
c) You take the scores of your participants on your newly made integrity test then you check it against their occupational and police records.
d) You run factor analysis on your test to see if it measures the construct it was meant to measure.
c) You take the scores of your participants on your newly made integrity test then you check it against their occupational and police records.
Which of the following research questions should use One-way ANOVA as its statistical tool?
a) Are there differences in assertiveness between public utility drivers (jeepney vs. van vs. bus) and gender (male vs. female)?
b) Are there differences in punctuality by grade level (grade school vs. junior high school vs. senior highs school)?
c) Is there a significant relationship between GPA and grade level?
d) Do job satisfaction and employee performance differ by department (Faculty vs. Non-teaching Faculty)?
b) Are there differences in punctuality by grade level (grade school vs. junior high school vs. senior highs school)?
The NEO-PI-R measures which of the following dimensions?
a) Eysenck’s PEN Model of Personality
b) Carl Jung’s typology
c) Costa & McCrae Big Five
d) Murray’s Psychogenic Needs
c) Costa & McCrae Big Five
Which of the following can be a criterion in a criterion-related
validity evidence?
a) License
b) Another test
c) Diagnosis
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
All students in a class failed the test administered by their teacher, as they found the test to be too hard. This is an example of
a) Floor effect
b) Ceiling effect
c) Distribution error
d) Strictness error
a) Floor effect
Which of the following is not a projective test?
a) Early Memories Procedure
b) Scenotest
c) Free Association Technique
d) None of the above
d) None of the above
The results of this test, unlike most other personality inventories, are intended primarily for use by the test taker and presented in a non-judgmental fashion.
a) TAT
c) 16PF
b) NEO-PI-R
d) MBTI
d) MBTI
Which of the following is not true?
a) Informed consent should be given before the experiment
b) Informed consent should be given by both the parents and the children
c) Debriefing is conducted after the experiment
d) All of the above
b) Informed consent should be given by both the parents and the children
Which of the following tests is developed based on the item-response theory?
a) TAT
b) 16PF
c) Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices
d) MMPI
c) Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices
The study of the measurement of the human skull and its relation to personality is proposed by
a) James McKeen Cattell
b) Louis Thurstone
c) Franz Joseph Gall
d) Hippocrates
c) Franz Joseph Gall
Which of the following is not true about Integrity tests?
a) It came into special prominence after the prohibition of using polygraph test to screen applicants
b) These are paper-and-pencil measures of loyalty
c) These tests could be valuable in the prediction of disruptive behavior on the job
d) The test is susceptible to coaching and faking
b) These are paper-and-pencil measures of loyalty
Kyle’s research focuses on whether there is any relationship between the sex of the employees and their income in call center agents. The best statistical tool to use would be
a) Pearson r
b) Spearman rho
c) Point-biserial correlation
d) T-test for independent sample
c) Point-biserial correlation
The development of this test is based on Murray’s Psychogenic needs.
a) MMPI
b) Bender-Gestalt Test
c) Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
d) MBTI
c) Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
A group of students have established font color as their independent variable with two levels, yellow and green, and reading time as their dependent variable. They have assigned 60 participants all of which will read excerpts with yellow and green fonts. The experimental design utilized by the students is
a) Between-subjects design
b) Within-subjects design
c) Mixed design
d) Factorial design
b) Within-subjects design
What do you call an item that is usually placed near the beginning of the test and is purposely made to be relatively. easy to alleviate test related anxiety?
a) Giveaway item
b) Easy item
c) Bonus item
d) Starter item
a) Giveaway item
In a particular university, in order to pass their entrance test a student must score at least 70 and above before admission. Their admission test is a
a) Norm-referenced test
b) Criterion-referenced test
c) Structured test
d) All of the above
b) Criterion-referenced test
Which of the following is true about the Personal Data Sheet?
a) This is the prototype of personality questionnaire or self-report inventory
b) The development of this test is not completed early enough to permit its occupational use before World War I ended
c) This is used as a screening device for recruits who want to enter the military service
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Madrid wanted to identify who among her students read all the articles, and who among them only read the summary through the test she would be giving. In order to do so, she the item difficulty of the items must range between
a) 40-.60
b) .50-.70
c) .75-.90
d) .30-.70
d) .30-.70
In establishing a test’s content validity, the test items must be
a) Correlated with similar test
b) Correlated with another related criterion for it to be valid
c) Given to the experts in the topic to be validated
d) Based on a theoretical perspective to ensure validity of the test
c) Given to the experts in the topic to be validated
Wilhelm Wundt set up a laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in the year
a) 1897
b) 1907
c) 1852
d) 1879
d) 1879
A test is given to a homogenous group in order to establish its reliability. Which of the following could be an implication of this process?
a) If the test would reveal to be reliable, it would mean that the test is only reliable in that particular characteristic
b) The result would never be reliable because homogenous groups produce scores that differ from one another
c) If the test would reveal to be reliable, there would be a higher chance that it would also be valid
d) None of the above
a) If the test would reveal to be reliable, it would mean that the test is only reliable in that particular characteristic
Darna took the BLEPP in 2018. A few weeks after, her ratings came out and she listed her ratings on all four subjects: 78, 79, 80, and 81. She then added the ratings and divided them by four to get the average. What is Darna trying to get?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range
a) Mean
Informed consent could be dispensed only when the study
involves:
a) The researcher’s students are the participants of the study
b) Young children, but only if a guardian is present
c) Survey questionnaires
d) Informed consent should never be dispensed
c) Survey questionnaires
Registered Psychometricians are allowed to administer class A and B tests, but not class C tests. Which of the following tests is included in class A?
a) Achievement tests
b) Objective personality tests
c) Individualized intelligence tests
d) Group intelligence tests
a) Achievement tests
Pulgoso just made a test of resiliency. To account for its validity, he correlated his test with another test of resiliency. What validity evidence can he yield?
a) Content validity
b) Face validity
c) Construct validity
d) Criterion-related validity
d) Criterion-related validity
The following are true about Face validity except,
a) It appeals more to the motivation of the test taker rather than to the characteristic of the test itself.
b) It affects children more than it does adults.
c) It is the weakest among the validity evidences.
d) It is about whether the test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure.
b) It affects children more than it does adults.
This is the method used in identifying the item discriminability when you correlate the performance on the item and the performance on the whole test.
a) Point-biserial method
b) Extreme group method
c) Correlation Coefficient method
d) Probability sampling method
a) Point-biserial method
Cherish examined more than 100 books and articles spanning for two decades in order to determine the treatment of foreign immigrants in a particular country. The approach she is using is called
a) Non-experimental research
b) Qualitative research
c) Archival study
d) Case study
c) Archival study
What is the standard deviation of stanine?
a) 5
b) 5.5
c) 2
d) None of the above
c) 2
This is the test developed during World War I which is intended for illiterates and foreign-born recruits unable to take the test in English.
a) Army Alpha
b) Army Beta
c) Personal Data Sheet
d) Non-verbal test
b) Army Beta
The best measure of central tendency to use in strongly skewed distribution would be
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Any of the above
b) Median
Which of the following is an example of a criterion-referenced test?
a) SRA Verbal Form
b) CFIT
c) Quizzes given to students at school
d) 16PF
c) Quizzes given to students at school
Kelvin is an example of what level of measurement?
a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio
d) Ratio
