AB Psych (Sir Patrick) Flashcards
Aldrin takes substances in larger doses because of the pleasurable effects of it on him. During these times of substance intake, he develops such arrogance that was not characteristic of him. Although when he is at his stable periods, he strongly believed drugs are unwanted and would only cause harm to himself and to others. What could be Aldrin’s condition?
a) Substance use disorder
b) Bipolar 1 disorder
c) Narcissistic personality disorder
d) Attention deficit hyperactive disorder
b) Bipolar 1 disorder
Benjo has been showing behaviors that would be far from the norm. He has been violating social rules that a primary school student should not be capable of doing. For example, he has vandalized the comfort rooms of their school with humiliating drawings of their teachers and other school personnel. He has also been hospitalized because of a dog bite which he got from a dog he initially bothered. Their classmates have also complained that they were bullied by Benjo and had a few fist fights already. His most recent violation has made a legal problem because he was caught shoplifting in a mall. What is the best intervention for Benjo?
a) Multisystemic therapy
b) Behavior therapy
c) Expressive arts therapy
d) Psychoanalysis
a) Multisystemic therapy
Which type of phobia has panic attacks associated with decrease in heart rate rather that increase in heart rate, fainting rather than agitation, heritable rather than socially determined?
a) Blood-injection-injury phobia
b) Situational phobia
c) Animal phobia
d) Social phobia
a) Blood-injection-injury phobia
According to research, if the onset of the disorder will be arranged by age, the oldest would be
a) Schizophrenia
b) Generalized anxiety disorder
c) Blood-injection-injury phobia
d) Avoidant personality disorder
b) Generalized anxiety disorder
Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?
a) A student who is reluctant to speak up in a classroom due to fear of embarrassing herself.
b) A male who has difficulty urinating in a public restroom when others are present.
c) A person who can only eat comfortably when he is
alone.
d) An individual who cannot travel on public transportation
without a family member present.
d) An individual who cannot travel on public transportation
without a family member present.
Danny never wants his partner, Danna, to leave her alone at home. Whenever Danna leaves to get the groceries and goes to work, Danny feels that another guy is there to get Danna from him. As such, they order all their groceries online and their job is likewise, online. This lifestyle happened because Danny thought that those guys would abuse and hurt Danna which he is totally terrified to happen. What is the most likely diagnosis of Danny?
a) Agoraphobia
b) Separation Anxiety Disorder
c) Borderline Personality Disorder
d) Disinhibited Social engagement disorder
b) Separation Anxiety Disorder
Lily and Harold dated for two months. Harold was sweet, loving, and thoughtful of Lily’s wellbeing. However, at the end of those sweet two months, Lily was physically abused. She was hit multiple times on her head and face and felt that she was about to die. After recovering from the emergency room, she was interviewed by a journalist and could not talk properly as she can still remember all the attacks Harold made on her. Her body trembles whenever there are any male individuals approaching her. Even on television, seeing any man would scare her. This reaction stayed with her for more than a year now. As such she could not talk on any roles in any movies or television series. What could be the condition of Lily?
a) Specific phobia
b) Acute stress disorder
c) Post-traumatic stress disorder
d) State of shock
a) Specific phobia
Harold lives with his mother with whom he is very close and agrees with everything she says. When he started seeing a young woman and the relationship became serious, his mother convinced him that his girlfriend was not good enough for him, so Harold stopped the relationship. He has two close friends who have been his friend since they met in kindergarten. Whenever they do something, it is always one of his friends who decides what they do. Harold just follows along. Harold likely suffers from _______
personality disorder.
a) dependent
b) avoidant
c) schizoid
d) histrionic
a) dependent
James is a security guard at the mall who seems lost in his own world. Often, he feels the presence of his dead mother nearby. He knows it is an illusion and that she is not real. Her presence does give him comfort. James probably would be diagnosed with
a) schizoaffective disorder.
b) schizotypal disorder.
c) schizoid disorder.
d) brief psychotic disorder.
b) schizotypal disorder.
Who among the individuals below would least likely to develop PTSD?
a) Ben, a police officer who reviews CCTV cameras of vehicular accidents and crimes.
b) Jen, a social media content reviewer who filters gore and violent contents posted by terrorists in social media.
c) Den, who continuously watches violent movies presented cinema as a mainstream.
d) Ren, who rescues live victims and retrieve cadavers from natural calamities such as earthquake and volcanic eruption.
c) Den, who continuously watches violent movies presented cinema as a mainstream.
Paul is diagnosed with leukaemia six months ago. Tests
confirmed that he is in later stage of the blood cancer. He is clearly dysfunctional and could not go to work. He is anxious about his condition that he will not be able to finish his plans in life. However, he is hopeful that he can be treated as he undergoes chemotherapy. What is his diagnosis In DSM 5?
a) Nothing
b) Somatic symptom disorder
c) Illness anxiety disorder
d) Delusional disorder, somatic type
a) Nothing
Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HPA (hormonal) axis?
a) The hippocampus secretes corticotropin releasing factor (CRF).
b) CRF stimulates the thyroid gland.
c) The hippocampus (via the somatic nervous system) activates the adrenal glands.
d) The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.
d) The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.
A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while
shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence?
a) She was angry with the friend for insisting that she go out.
b) The medication that had been prescribed for her was
only treating the depression, not the anxiety.
c) The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.
d) The exercise class was an unconditioned stimulus that resulted in a panic attack.
c) The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.
A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try
a) the drug imipramine.
b) psychological treatment along with medication.
c) psychological treatment that
includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
d) any available treatment since patients in all treatment conditions achieved the same long-lasting gains.
c) psychological treatment that
includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is
a) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.
b) people with situational phobia experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation as well as at other times.
c) people with PDA experience panic attacks only in specific situations.
d) people with PDA experience panic attacks only at specific times.
a) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.
In regard to OCD, when the term “magical” is used to refer to compulsive acts, it means
a) the person with OCD believes he/she is possessed.
b) compulsive behaviors are similar to superstitions.
c) the compulsions have no logical relation to the obsessions.
d) many magicians have been diagnosed with OCD.
b) compulsive behaviors are similar to superstitions.
Normal, ordinary people who have occasional intrusive thoughts with bizarre, sexual, or aggressive content would not be considered to have OCD unless they find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and also
a) use alcohol or other drugs to reduce anxiety.
b) develop insomnia and nightmares as well as dissociation symptoms and, on occasion, psychosis.
c) become horrified by such thoughts and consider them signs of some alien, intrusive, evil force.
d) suffer from either posttraumatic stress disorder or social phobia.
c) become horrified by such thoughts and consider them signs of some alien, intrusive, evil force.
Tony has thoughts about hating his younger brother and
wishing he would die. He becomes very anxious about these thoughts because he has developed the Idea that if anything really happened to his brother, It would be his fault. For no explainable reason, Tony starts mentally counting by odd numbers each time he walks past his brother’s room and discovers that this activity makes him less anxious. Tony’s behavior can be described as
a) a phobia of going into his brother’s room because he is afraid his hatred will actually hurt him.
b) a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts.
c) an attempt to be better in math than his brother to gain parental acceptance.
d) a compulsive ritual designed to make him like his brother more.
b) a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts.
According to research studies reported, people with OCD who hold fundamentalist religious beliefs often present
a) both checking and hoarding rituals.
b) a reduced sense of responsibility for their actions.
c) attitudes of inflated responsibility.
d) non-equivalence of obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions.
c) attitudes of inflated responsibility.
Which of the following is an example of the treatment technique for OCD called exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)?
a) Carrie has an obsessive fear of contamination that has led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is treating her by making her touch dirty laundry but not allowing her to wash for increasingly longer periods of time afterward.
b) Kerry has an obsessive fear of contamination that has
led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is
treating her by forcing her to wash her hands repeatedly, even when she doesn’t feel anxious.
c) Kelly has religious obsessions. She feels that if she
doesn’t read biblical passages every hour of the day, she will do something evil. Her therapist is treating her by having her attend religious services more frequently so that good thoughts will replace the bad ones.
d) Callie has a hoarding compulsion. She becomes anxious whenever she has to throw something away; she even keeps stuff that she doesn’t need and will never use. Her therapist has arranged for all Callie’s junk to be dumped when she is away from home.
a) Carrie has an obsessive fear of contamination that has led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is treating her by making her touch dirty laundry but not allowing her to wash for increasingly longer periods of time afterward.
With regard to the treatment of somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder, research exploring the use of reassurance in a process called “explanatory therapy” showed that
a) some significant gains were achieved.
b) reassurance did not work for hypochondriacs.
c) reassurance showed some gains but they lasted less than several days.
d) the gains were so significant that participants were essentially “cured.”
a) some significant gains were achieved.
Recent research suggests that
a) the suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is due to the connection between high stress hormones and depression.
b) low hippocampal volume may precede and contribute to
the onset of depression
c) electroconvulsive
therapy seems to produce
neurogenesis in the hippocampus
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has been referred to as a “collision between our culture and our physiology.” The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that
a) people have become too dependent on media determinations of beauty.
b) media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.
c) dieting has become a fad that has been taken to an
extreme.
d) society has no business telling us how to define beauty.
b) media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.
The reason that antidepressant medications are sometimes used to treat narcolepsy is that
a) narcolepsy is often caused by depression.
b) the anti-anxiety properties of these medications reduce narcolepsy.
c) these medications suppress REM sleep that can trigger cataplexy.
d) antidepressants are found to reduce hypnagogic hallucinations.
c) these medications suppress REM sleep that can trigger cataplexy.
Jill has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past
two months. Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height. The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means
a) her prognosis for a full recovery is very good.
b) she is probably in need of little if any more treatment.
c) she has completed the most difficult part of her treatment.
d) little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.
d) little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.
Matilda has had anorexia nervosa for several years. She started losing weight because her family said she needed to lose a few pounds. A crucial part of treatment for Matilda is family therapy that focuses on the issues regarding
a) attitudes toward body shape and image distortions.
b) negative communications in the family regarding food and eating.
c) dysfunctional communication in the family regarding food and eating.
d) all of these
d) all of these
Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating and
maintaining sleep. He guesses that he is sleeping for an average of about 3 hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day. In addition, Fred has always experienced some anxiety but has recently felt a tremendous increase in his overall anxiety level. The existence of both a sleep disorder and anxiety
a) makes the diagnosis of primary insomnia incorrect.
b) increases our confidence that primary insomnia is the correct diagnosis.
c) indicates that the insomnia is a result of the anxiety rather than a cause of the anxiety.
d) is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety.
d) is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety.
While suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during normal waking hours, Sarah experiences vivid hallucinations of being in a horrible car crash. The experience is so realistic that she actually feels physical sensations as if the hallucination were real. Sarah’s most likely diagnosis is
a) sleep apnea
b) hypersomnia
c) schizophrenia
d) narcolepsy
d) narcolepsy
The most accurate description for the condition called erotophobia is
a) negative feelings toward sexuality.
b) negative feelings about other people.
c) fear of sex.
d) fear of being raped.
a) negative feelings toward sexuality.
Development of sexual dysfunction can be viewed as a negative cycle that involves a variety of factors, since the typical case progresses in the following manner:
a) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as
substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.
b) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; this causes a strain on the relationship
and reduces the intimacy in the relationship, which then leads to anxiety about one’s desirability.
c) initial dysfunction occurs through slow and gradual deterioration, possibly due to a medical condition; as the medical condition develops, the individual’s concern with failing sexuality increases, resulting in relationship problems.
d) a general medical condition triggers the first dysfunction, which is followed by increased anxiety; as the anxiety increases, the sexual dysfunction becomes more severe over time and causes loss of interest in sex.
a) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as
substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.
Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg
putting on a striptease show for Diana. They both report great satisfaction and excitement with this activity. In fact, Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself, and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur.
b) Greg is a voyeur, and Diana is an exhibitionist.
c) Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviors.
d) Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviors involve consenting
individuals.
d) Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviors involve consenting
individuals.
One psychological aspect of voyeurism and exhibitionism that seems to maintain the disordered behavior is
a) some anxiety that increases arousal.
b) the fact that these individuals are rarely caught.
c) the desire to hurt their victims.
d) some sense that their victims really enjoy being subjected to their fetish.
a) some anxiety that increases arousal.
The basic concept behind the covert sensitization method of treating unwanted sexual arousal is to
a) create empathy for the victim of the behavior.
b) replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced.
c) create a physically painful experience to replace the immediate reinforcement that the unwanted behavior has previously produced.
d) improve family functioning, social skills, and overall effectiveness of appropriate adult relations.
b) replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced.
Tommy steals money from his mother’s handbag every time he needs to buy drugs. His substance dependence is manifested by
a) withdrawal symptoms.
b) drug-seeking behavior.
c) continuing tolerance.
d) psychological addiction.
b) drug-seeking behavior.
Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time. She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia. Now, she needs the pill to fall asleep. Without it, she will toss and turn all night, getting little sleep. Angelina is
a) dependent and drug abusive.
b) dependent and not drug abusive.
c) dependent but not physiologically addicted.
d) dependent and tolerant
b) dependent and not drug abusive.
All but which applied the necessary but sufficient conditions suggested by Carl Rogers in handling therapeutic conversations?
a) Dr. Emilio expressed his fear to his patients after he declared his recent felony case.
b) Dr. Teresita provided warm acceptance to all her clients regardless of what they have done, except for the criminal acts carried out by her ASPD client.
c) Dr. Severino showed unreserved acceptance to his clients even his he expressed his desire to inflict pain on his partner as a form of vengeance.
d) Dr. Racquel expressed her pain after hearing the trauma that her patient had gone through.
b) Dr. Teresita provided warm acceptance to all her clients regardless of what they have done, except for the criminal acts carried out by her ASPD client.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders?
a) Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called “crashing”), which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria.
b) Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue.
c) Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system.
d) Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.
d) Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.
Which of the following is inaccurate regarding depression?
a) There is increased activity in the amygdala of patients with MDD.
b) There is decreased sensitivity in the serotonin receptors in the neurons of MDD patients.
c) There is increased activity in the HPA axis among depressed patients.
d) There is increased activity in the cortical brain regions in MDD.
d) There is increased activity in the cortical brain regions in MDD.
Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning marijuana use and abuse?
a) Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.
b) Tolerance develops rapidly.
c) Psychological dependence can occur with even occasional use.
d) Marijuana is free of carcinogens.
a) Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.
In trying to understand why some people continue to use drugs until they become dependent on them and others are able to stop before this happens, it is important to consider
a) how sensitive a person is to both the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the negative effects of alcohol after a few hours.
b) how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the negative effects after a few hours.
c) how sensitive a person is to the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.
d) how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.
c) how sensitive a person is to the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.
