AB Psych (Sir Patrick) Flashcards by Krystelle Cordero

Aldrin takes substances in larger doses because of the pleasurable effects of it on him. During these times of substance intake, he develops such arrogance that was not characteristic of him. Although when he is at his stable periods, he strongly believed drugs are unwanted and would only cause harm to himself and to others. What could be Aldrin’s condition?

a) Substance use disorder
b) Bipolar 1 disorder
c) Narcissistic personality disorder
d) Attention deficit hyperactive disorder

b) Bipolar 1 disorder

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Benjo has been showing behaviors that would be far from the norm. He has been violating social rules that a primary school student should not be capable of doing. For example, he has vandalized the comfort rooms of their school with humiliating drawings of their teachers and other school personnel. He has also been hospitalized because of a dog bite which he got from a dog he initially bothered. Their classmates have also complained that they were bullied by Benjo and had a few fist fights already. His most recent violation has made a legal problem because he was caught shoplifting in a mall. What is the best intervention for Benjo?

a) Multisystemic therapy
b) Behavior therapy
c) Expressive arts therapy
d) Psychoanalysis

a) Multisystemic therapy

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Which type of phobia has panic attacks associated with decrease in heart rate rather that increase in heart rate, fainting rather than agitation, heritable rather than socially determined?

a) Blood-injection-injury phobia
b) Situational phobia
c) Animal phobia
d) Social phobia

a) Blood-injection-injury phobia

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According to research, if the onset of the disorder will be arranged by age, the oldest would be

a) Schizophrenia
b) Generalized anxiety disorder
c) Blood-injection-injury phobia
d) Avoidant personality disorder

b) Generalized anxiety disorder

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Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?

a) A student who is reluctant to speak up in a classroom due to fear of embarrassing herself.

b) A male who has difficulty urinating in a public restroom when others are present.

c) A person who can only eat comfortably when he is
alone.

d) An individual who cannot travel on public transportation
without a family member present.

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Danny never wants his partner, Danna, to leave her alone at home. Whenever Danna leaves to get the groceries and goes to work, Danny feels that another guy is there to get Danna from him. As such, they order all their groceries online and their job is likewise, online. This lifestyle happened because Danny thought that those guys would abuse and hurt Danna which he is totally terrified to happen. What is the most likely diagnosis of Danny?

a) Agoraphobia
b) Separation Anxiety Disorder
c) Borderline Personality Disorder
d) Disinhibited Social engagement disorder

b) Separation Anxiety Disorder

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Lily and Harold dated for two months. Harold was sweet, loving, and thoughtful of Lily’s wellbeing. However, at the end of those sweet two months, Lily was physically abused. She was hit multiple times on her head and face and felt that she was about to die. After recovering from the emergency room, she was interviewed by a journalist and could not talk properly as she can still remember all the attacks Harold made on her. Her body trembles whenever there are any male individuals approaching her. Even on television, seeing any man would scare her. This reaction stayed with her for more than a year now. As such she could not talk on any roles in any movies or television series. What could be the condition of Lily?

a) Specific phobia
b) Acute stress disorder
c) Post-traumatic stress disorder
d) State of shock

a) Specific phobia

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Harold lives with his mother with whom he is very close and agrees with everything she says. When he started seeing a young woman and the relationship became serious, his mother convinced him that his girlfriend was not good enough for him, so Harold stopped the relationship. He has two close friends who have been his friend since they met in kindergarten. Whenever they do something, it is always one of his friends who decides what they do. Harold just follows along. Harold likely suffers from _______
personality disorder.

a) dependent
b) avoidant
c) schizoid
d) histrionic

a) dependent

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James is a security guard at the mall who seems lost in his own world. Often, he feels the presence of his dead mother nearby. He knows it is an illusion and that she is not real. Her presence does give him comfort. James probably would be diagnosed with

a) schizoaffective disorder.
b) schizotypal disorder.
c) schizoid disorder.
d) brief psychotic disorder.

b) schizotypal disorder.

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Who among the individuals below would least likely to develop PTSD?

a) Ben, a police officer who reviews CCTV cameras of vehicular accidents and crimes.

b) Jen, a social media content reviewer who filters gore and violent contents posted by terrorists in social media.

c) Den, who continuously watches violent movies presented cinema as a mainstream.

d) Ren, who rescues live victims and retrieve cadavers from natural calamities such as earthquake and volcanic eruption.

c) Den, who continuously watches violent movies presented cinema as a mainstream.

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Paul is diagnosed with leukaemia six months ago. Tests
confirmed that he is in later stage of the blood cancer. He is clearly dysfunctional and could not go to work. He is anxious about his condition that he will not be able to finish his plans in life. However, he is hopeful that he can be treated as he undergoes chemotherapy. What is his diagnosis In DSM 5?

a) Nothing
b) Somatic symptom disorder
c) Illness anxiety disorder
d) Delusional disorder, somatic type

a) Nothing

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Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HPA (hormonal) axis?

a) The hippocampus secretes corticotropin releasing factor (CRF).
b) CRF stimulates the thyroid gland.
c) The hippocampus (via the somatic nervous system) activates the adrenal glands.
d) The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.

d) The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.

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A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while
shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence?

a) She was angry with the friend for insisting that she go out.

b) The medication that had been prescribed for her was
only treating the depression, not the anxiety.

c) The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.

d) The exercise class was an unconditioned stimulus that resulted in a panic attack.

c) The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.

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A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try

a) the drug imipramine.
b) psychological treatment along with medication.
c) psychological treatment that
includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
d) any available treatment since patients in all treatment conditions achieved the same long-lasting gains.

c) psychological treatment that
includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

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The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is

a) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.

b) people with situational phobia experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation as well as at other times.

c) people with PDA experience panic attacks only in specific situations.

d) people with PDA experience panic attacks only at specific times.

a) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.

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In regard to OCD, when the term “magical” is used to refer to compulsive acts, it means

a) the person with OCD believes he/she is possessed.

b) compulsive behaviors are similar to superstitions.

c) the compulsions have no logical relation to the obsessions.

d) many magicians have been diagnosed with OCD.

b) compulsive behaviors are similar to superstitions.

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Normal, ordinary people who have occasional intrusive thoughts with bizarre, sexual, or aggressive content would not be considered to have OCD unless they find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and also

a) use alcohol or other drugs to reduce anxiety.

b) develop insomnia and nightmares as well as dissociation symptoms and, on occasion, psychosis.

c) become horrified by such thoughts and consider them signs of some alien, intrusive, evil force.

d) suffer from either posttraumatic stress disorder or social phobia.

c) become horrified by such thoughts and consider them signs of some alien, intrusive, evil force.

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Tony has thoughts about hating his younger brother and
wishing he would die. He becomes very anxious about these thoughts because he has developed the Idea that if anything really happened to his brother, It would be his fault. For no explainable reason, Tony starts mentally counting by odd numbers each time he walks past his brother’s room and discovers that this activity makes him less anxious. Tony’s behavior can be described as

a) a phobia of going into his brother’s room because he is afraid his hatred will actually hurt him.

b) a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts.

c) an attempt to be better in math than his brother to gain parental acceptance.

d) a compulsive ritual designed to make him like his brother more.

b) a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts.

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According to research studies reported, people with OCD who hold fundamentalist religious beliefs often present

a) both checking and hoarding rituals.

b) a reduced sense of responsibility for their actions.

c) attitudes of inflated responsibility.

d) non-equivalence of obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions.

c) attitudes of inflated responsibility.

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Which of the following is an example of the treatment technique for OCD called exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)?

a) Carrie has an obsessive fear of contamination that has led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is treating her by making her touch dirty laundry but not allowing her to wash for increasingly longer periods of time afterward.

b) Kerry has an obsessive fear of contamination that has
led to compulsive hand-washing rituals. Her therapist is
treating her by forcing her to wash her hands repeatedly, even when she doesn’t feel anxious.

c) Kelly has religious obsessions. She feels that if she
doesn’t read biblical passages every hour of the day, she will do something evil. Her therapist is treating her by having her attend religious services more frequently so that good thoughts will replace the bad ones.

d) Callie has a hoarding compulsion. She becomes anxious whenever she has to throw something away; she even keeps stuff that she doesn’t need and will never use. Her therapist has arranged for all Callie’s junk to be dumped when she is away from home.

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With regard to the treatment of somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder, research exploring the use of reassurance in a process called “explanatory therapy” showed that

a) some significant gains were achieved.

b) reassurance did not work for hypochondriacs.

c) reassurance showed some gains but they lasted less than several days.

d) the gains were so significant that participants were essentially “cured.”

a) some significant gains were achieved.

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Recent research suggests that

a) the suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is due to the connection between high stress hormones and depression.

b) low hippocampal volume may precede and contribute to
the onset of depression

c) electroconvulsive
therapy seems to produce
neurogenesis in the hippocampus

d) All of the above

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The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has been referred to as a “collision between our culture and our physiology.” The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that

a) people have become too dependent on media determinations of beauty.

b) media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.

c) dieting has become a fad that has been taken to an
extreme.

d) society has no business telling us how to define beauty.

b) media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.

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The reason that antidepressant medications are sometimes used to treat narcolepsy is that

a) narcolepsy is often caused by depression.

b) the anti-anxiety properties of these medications reduce narcolepsy.

c) these medications suppress REM sleep that can trigger cataplexy.

d) antidepressants are found to reduce hypnagogic hallucinations.

c) these medications suppress REM sleep that can trigger cataplexy.

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Jill has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past two months. Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height. The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means a) her prognosis for a full recovery is very good. b) she is probably in need of little if any more treatment. c) she has completed the most difficult part of her treatment. d) little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.

d) little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.

Matilda has had anorexia nervosa for several years. She started losing weight because her family said she needed to lose a few pounds. A crucial part of treatment for Matilda is family therapy that focuses on the issues regarding a) attitudes toward body shape and image distortions. b) negative communications in the family regarding food and eating. c) dysfunctional communication in the family regarding food and eating. d) all of these

d) all of these

Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating and maintaining sleep. He guesses that he is sleeping for an average of about 3 hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day. In addition, Fred has always experienced some anxiety but has recently felt a tremendous increase in his overall anxiety level. The existence of both a sleep disorder and anxiety a) makes the diagnosis of primary insomnia incorrect. b) increases our confidence that primary insomnia is the correct diagnosis. c) indicates that the insomnia is a result of the anxiety rather than a cause of the anxiety. d) is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety.

d) is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety.

While suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during normal waking hours, Sarah experiences vivid hallucinations of being in a horrible car crash. The experience is so realistic that she actually feels physical sensations as if the hallucination were real. Sarah's most likely diagnosis is a) sleep apnea b) hypersomnia c) schizophrenia d) narcolepsy

d) narcolepsy

The most accurate description for the condition called erotophobia is a) negative feelings toward sexuality. b) negative feelings about other people. c) fear of sex. d) fear of being raped.

a) negative feelings toward sexuality.

Development of sexual dysfunction can be viewed as a negative cycle that involves a variety of factors, since the typical case progresses in the following manner: a) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings. b) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; this causes a strain on the relationship and reduces the intimacy in the relationship, which then leads to anxiety about one's desirability. c) initial dysfunction occurs through slow and gradual deterioration, possibly due to a medical condition; as the medical condition develops, the individual's concern with failing sexuality increases, resulting in relationship problems. d) a general medical condition triggers the first dysfunction, which is followed by increased anxiety; as the anxiety increases, the sexual dysfunction becomes more severe over time and causes loss of interest in sex.

a) initial dysfunction may be triggered by an event such as substance use; concern about the dysfunction then leads to more dysfunction, and sex itself becomes associated with negative feelings.

Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg putting on a striptease show for Diana. They both report great satisfaction and excitement with this activity. In fact, Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself, and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress. Which of the following statements is true? a) Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur. b) Greg is a voyeur, and Diana is an exhibitionist. c) Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviors. d) Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviors involve consenting individuals.

d) Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviors involve consenting individuals.

One psychological aspect of voyeurism and exhibitionism that seems to maintain the disordered behavior is a) some anxiety that increases arousal. b) the fact that these individuals are rarely caught. c) the desire to hurt their victims. d) some sense that their victims really enjoy being subjected to their fetish.

a) some anxiety that increases arousal.

The basic concept behind the covert sensitization method of treating unwanted sexual arousal is to a) create empathy for the victim of the behavior. b) replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced. c) create a physically painful experience to replace the immediate reinforcement that the unwanted behavior has previously produced. d) improve family functioning, social skills, and overall effectiveness of appropriate adult relations.

b) replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced.

Tommy steals money from his mother's handbag every time he needs to buy drugs. His substance dependence is manifested by a) withdrawal symptoms. b) drug-seeking behavior. c) continuing tolerance. d) psychological addiction.

b) drug-seeking behavior.

Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time. She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia. Now, she needs the pill to fall asleep. Without it, she will toss and turn all night, getting little sleep. Angelina is a) dependent and drug abusive. b) dependent and not drug abusive. c) dependent but not physiologically addicted. d) dependent and tolerant

b) dependent and not drug abusive.

All but which applied the necessary but sufficient conditions suggested by Carl Rogers in handling therapeutic conversations? a) Dr. Emilio expressed his fear to his patients after he declared his recent felony case. b) Dr. Teresita provided warm acceptance to all her clients regardless of what they have done, except for the criminal acts carried out by her ASPD client. c) Dr. Severino showed unreserved acceptance to his clients even his he expressed his desire to inflict pain on his partner as a form of vengeance. d) Dr. Racquel expressed her pain after hearing the trauma that her patient had gone through.

b) Dr. Teresita provided warm acceptance to all her clients regardless of what they have done, except for the criminal acts carried out by her ASPD client.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders? a) Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called "crashing"), which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria. b) Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue. c) Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system. d) Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

d) Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

Which of the following is inaccurate regarding depression? a) There is increased activity in the amygdala of patients with MDD. b) There is decreased sensitivity in the serotonin receptors in the neurons of MDD patients. c) There is increased activity in the HPA axis among depressed patients. d) There is increased activity in the cortical brain regions in MDD.

d) There is increased activity in the cortical brain regions in MDD.

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning marijuana use and abuse? a) Paranoia and hallucinations can occur. b) Tolerance develops rapidly. c) Psychological dependence can occur with even occasional use. d) Marijuana is free of carcinogens.

a) Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.

In trying to understand why some people continue to use drugs until they become dependent on them and others are able to stop before this happens, it is important to consider a) how sensitive a person is to both the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the negative effects of alcohol after a few hours. b) how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the negative effects after a few hours. c) how sensitive a person is to the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later. d) how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.

c) how sensitive a person is to the negative effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later.

The drug called Antabuse helps people abstain from drinking alcohol by a) causing alcoholic drinks to taste bitter. b) disrupting breakdown of a byproduct of alcohol, leading to feelings of illness. c) making people allergic to alcohol. d) reducing the pleasurable feelings that are associated with alcohol.

b) disrupting breakdown of a byproduct of alcohol, leading to feelings of illness.

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)? a) AA is clearly an effective treatment for some people with alcohol dependence. b) More than 9% of the adult population of the United States has attended an AA meeting. c) AA advocates controlled drinking in which former alcoholics can become social drinkers. d) It is difficult to conduct accurate research on AA because participation is anonymous.

c) AA advocates controlled drinking in which former alcoholics can become social drinkers.

In the impulse control disorders, the individual feels prior to carrying out the act. a) relaxed and calm b) tension and anticipation c) spaced out d) angry and aggressive

b) tension and anticipation

Theo is quite a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any obviously unusual ways, nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Of the following personality disorders, Theo appears to be a) avoidant b) antisocial c) schizoid d) schizotypal

c) schizoid

One prominent theory of antisocial personality disorder suggests that the behaviors are caused by an imbalance between the brain's a) behavioral inhibition system and fight/flight system. b) fight/flight system and reward system. c) cortical stimulation system and behavioral inhibition system. d) behavioral inhibition system and reward system.

d) behavioral inhibition system and reward system.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about borderline personality disorder? a) It is observed in every culture and seen in about 5% of the population. b) Long-term outcomes are discouraging, with many relapsing within five years c) Emotional dysfunction is one of the best predictors of suicide in this group. d) A high number, almost 12%, succeed at suicide.

c) Emotional dysfunction is one of the best predictors of suicide in this group.

One of the likely problems a therapist may encounter while trying to help a patient with histrionic personality disorder is the patient's a) unwillingness to admit there is a problem. b) use of threatening language. c) lack of intellectual ability necessary to succeed in therapy. d) manipulative use of crying, charm, or seductive behavior.

d) manipulative use of crying, charm, or seductive behavior.

Without understanding the thought process motivating the patient's behavior, it would probably be impossible to determine whether a patient had _____ personality disorder or ______ personality disorder. a) narcissistic; antisocial b) dependent; narcissistic c) schizoid; avoidant d) borderline; histrionic

c) schizoid; avoidant

How do the delusions in delusional disorder differ from the delusions in paranoid schizophrenia? a) In delusional disorder, the imagined events could really be happening but there is no evidence that they are happening. b) In paranoid schizophrenia, the imagined events have actually happened or are now happening. c) In delusional disorder, the imagined events are so bizarre that they could never have happened and never will happen. d) There is no difference. Delusions are defined similarly for all conditions.

d) There is no difference. Delusions are defined similarly for all conditions.

Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia? a) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain. b) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine). c) The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. d) Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.

b) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).

Why would it be incorrect to say that individuals diagnosed with specific learning disorders are not intelligent? a) It would confuse specific learning disorders with giftedness. b) The concept of specific learning disorder has absolutely nothing to do with intelligence. c) Specific learning disorders can be diagnosed in people of any intelligence, since they are partially determined by academic performance that falls substantially below IQ-based expectations. d) Specific learning disorders are only diagnosed in people of high intelligence.

c) Specific learning disorders can be diagnosed in people of any intelligence, since they are partially determined by academic performance that falls substantially below IQ-based expectations.

Ken is a 12-year-old boy of average intelligence as indicated by his IQ scores. He loves school and works hard on his homework. Ken has earned straight As in every subject except math, where he has been achieving grades in the C range. Which of the following statements is correct? a) Ken appears to have a math disorder because his math grade is so far below his other grades. b) Ken appears to have a math disorder because there is a discrepancy between his intelligence and his achievement in many subjects c) Ken does not appear to have a specific learning disorder because his achievement is consistent with expectations based on his intelligence. d) Ken does not appear to have a specific learning disorder because he has shown that he can achieve when he wants to.

c) Ken does not appear to have a specific learning disorder because his achievement is consistent with expectations based on his intelligence.

Monte is a 3-year-old boy recently diagnosed with autistic disorder. He appears completely unresponsive to his parents and shows no indication of any language development. Monte seems uninterested in communication of any kind and has significant rituals such as lining up his toys and realigning them every few minutes. He becomes hysterical if anyone interrupts his ritualistic activity. On an IQ assessment designed for very young children, Monte's score was extremely low. His prognosis is poor primarily because of a) lack of language acquisition and low IQ. b) low IQ and early age of onset. c) early age of onset and lack of language acquisition. d) ritualistic behavior and disinterest in his parents.

a) lack of language acquisition and low IQ.

One of the major differences between major neurocognitive disorder caused by Alzheimer's disease and major neurocognitive disorder caused by depression is that Alzheimer's type major neurocognitive disorder a) is generally reversible. b) is not reversible. c) involves a slow increase in symptoms. d) leads to a rapid decline in abilities.

b) is not reversible.

Which disorder is associated with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain? a) Huntington's disease b) Pick's disease c) neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

c) neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease

One hypothesis to explain the observed differences in the rate of neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease for Individuals of varying educational level is that a) the abilities acquired through formal education create a "mental reserve" that helps offset the symptoms of the Illness as they progress. b) the type of mental activity associated with formal education places an additional burden on the brain that makes symptoms worse once a person has the disorder. c) knowledge acquired through formal education helps one avoid exposure to environmental stimuli that might influence the disorder. d) the type of work that most college graduates pursue is less likely to expose the individual to the stressors associated with the disorder.

a) the abilities acquired through formal education create a "mental reserve" that helps offset the symptoms of the Illness as they progress.

Carl, a toddler, experienced extreme hunger after his mother left him home alone for three days. After he was rescued from this event, he started avoiding his parents. Likewise, any other parents who would like to care for him has already been avoided. He suffered detachment as well as avoidance from any adults around that would make him remember his parents. What is the most likely diagnosis on Carl? a) PTSD b) RAD c) Specific Phobia d) Social Anxiety Disorder

b) RAD

How would dysthymic disorder and MDD be differentiated? a) Duration, function, and dangerousness b) Distress, function, and disability c) Dangerousness, function, and deviance d) Dysfunction, deviance, and distress

a) Duration, function, and dangerousness

Barbara has episodes of depression and hypomania. However, whenever she has her depressive episodes, she believed that she is the chosen to lead the flock. She believed that she is the female messiah and hears the voices from heavens. She could probably have a) Bipolar 1 b) Bipolar 2 c) Bipolar 2 with psychotic features d) Schizoaffective disorder

c) Bipolar 2 with psychotic features

The client sleeps a lot and has gained weight. If the diagnosis is MDD, what specifier should be added? a) Nothing b) Atypical c) Melancholic d) Vegetative

b) Atypical

Due to Covid-19, Patricia came back to the Philippines after two years of staying abroad. Her best friend Carlota fetches her at the airport, and Patricia notices that something is off to Carlota. She was not as high-spirited as before. One night, Carlota finally opened that she always feels tired, has trouble falling and staying asleep, but she did not mention to Patricia that she has been in a depressed mood for a long time with no improvement. Carlota most likely has a) Major Depressive Disorder b) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder c) Persistent Depressive Disorder d) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

c) Persistent Depressive Disorder

Hellery is a mother of two children who are home schooled by her. She believes that home schooling is more effective and efficient among children since she can control the things that her children can learn. At night, she works as customer service representative and performs exceptionally well. Although she is ready for promotion, her boss has reservations over it because Hellery is an extremely moody individual that she had so many arguments with her colleagues. What could be the condition of Hellery? a) Cyclothymic disorder b) Bipolar 2 disorder c) Narcissistic personality disorder d) No diagnosable disorder

a) Cyclothymic disorder

Martha complained that his husband, Felix, has been feeling sad, lost in interest in most of his previous hobbies, could not concentrate on his work, has difficulty maintaining sleep, and significantly lost weight. These changes have been observed for the past 30 months with irregular seriousness and has never been himself since then. His wife also noted that when he was in his worst periods, he even talked to himself while staring at walls. He would not even accept food even though he it was his favorite and prepared by Martha. What could be the condition of Felix a) He suffers from major depressive disorder b) He has double depression with psychotic features c) Felix suffers from major depressive disorder with psychotic features d) Schizoaffective disorder is the correct diagnosis

b) He has double depression with psychotic features

Mark has complained that he has difficulty getting a sleep for the past three months. He claims that he does not feel depressed but has lost interest in basketball as his long-time hobby. Danica, his wife, also complained that they are not as sexually active as before. Mark could not concentrate well at his work and has significant lost weight. What could be the diagnosis of Mark? a) He has insomnia. His poor performance in work and in relationship is explained by his loss of energy accompanied by lack of sleep. (He lacks enough symptom to be diagnosed with MDD). b) He has MDD. Not all patients with MDD have depressed mood. Others have anhedonia as their cardinal symptom. c) He has both MDD and insomnia. His lack of sleep and symptom both qualify for the two disorders. d) He has MDD. His symptoms met the criteria and insomnia is one of the symptoms of MDD.

a) He has insomnia. His poor performance in work and in relationship is explained by his loss of energy accompanied by lack of sleep. (He lacks enough symptom to be diagnosed with MDD).

Evelyn suffers from the following: poor concentration, thoughts about death, significant weight loss, guilt feelings, and insomnia. Should Evelyn be diagnosed of MDD? a) No. None of the prime indicators of depression is present in her case. b) Yes. MDD can be diagnosed if 5 of the 9 symptoms are present. c) No. Her symptoms should last for more than 2 weeks before the diagnosis is given. d) Yes. The presence of suicidal ideation is found in high-risk depressive patients.

a) No. None of the prime indicators of depression is present in her case.

Alex received his test results this morning. Suddenly, after receiving the result, he broke all his pencil, torn his test paper, cursed his teacher, jumped on his chair, and threw all his belongings to his classmates. His classmates and teachers were not shocked with what Alex did since he is usually aggressive and nuisance classmate. Some cried out of fear of him. Apparently, he failed the examination with one missing point. His parents were called because of the event. His parent shared that there was one moment when he did the same, that is when his parent bought an ice cream flavor he didn't like. What could be a possible impression out of Alex's condition? a) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder b) Intermittent explosive disorder c) Conduct disorder d) Bipolar disorder

a) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Karla gave birth to a healthy child four days ago. Now she is tearful and having mood swings. Fortunately, these symptoms disappeared relatively quickly. Karla was probably suffering from a) major depressive disorder with peripartum onset b) persistent depressive disorder c) bipolar disorder with peripartum onset d) baby blues

d) baby blues

Regina, a BPO employee, believed that her work means no purpose. She feels no pleasure in the monetary and non-monetary benefits she receives from the company. At her work, she does what needs to be done. For her, her life is a mechanical cycle of sleep, work, eat, and rest. According to her, she feels that she is just 'floating around' In this world. If Regina has a condition, what could it be based on the given vignette? a) Persistent depressive disorder b) Major depressive disorder c) Borderline personality disorder d) Passive-aggressive disorder

a) Persistent depressive disorder

Kenny was brought to your clinic with suspicion of separation anxiety disorder, an impression coming from the mother. The child, whenever they go to school, endlessly cries as she leaves her at school. To stop the child from crying, the mother brings the child to their neighbors' house. Their neighbors treat Kenny as if their own. They feed, bath, and play with him. Is the mother correct in her impression of her child's condition? a) Yes, the child fears of possible events that could happen to her mother. b) No, the child has social anxiety disorder. c) No, specific phobia in the correct impression. d) No, the condition is more of disinhibited social disengagement disorder.

c) No, specific phobia in the correct impression.

Max a medical student was asked to present a certain pathology in front of class. He is extremely worried whether he can present this certain disease. His heart races faster as his breathing hastens as well. He started sweating and felt dizzy prior to this presentation. With these symptoms, he also felt he was dying. Eventually, he was not able to present in class. What is Max's possible condition? a) Panic disorder b) Social anxiety disorder c) Avoidant personality disorder d) Panic disorder comorbid with social anxiety disorder.

b) Social anxiety disorder

Benny is a photographer and for him to gain inspiration, he must go outside of his house to capture a model. However, whenever he does, he becomes anxious and starts to panic. His friend Danny then decided to accompany him during his trips, he also noticed that Benny tends to stay near the exits of public places such as theatres or restaurants for an easy escape route. What anxiety disorder is Benny experiencing? a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder b) Panic Disorder c) Agoraphobia d) Specific Phobia - Situational

c) Agoraphobia

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with comorbid agoraphobia (PDA) is a) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation. b) people with situational phobia experience panic attacks when confronted with the phobic situation as well as at other times. c) people with PDA experience panic attacks only in specific situations. d) people with PDA experience panic attacks only at specific times.

a) people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.

Which vignette best suits the application of dialectic behavior therapy? a) Marko has lost interest in pleasurable activities. He also has lost the capacity to concentrate on his activities because of the guilt feelings he has brooded over the past. b) Diana is terrified in the memories she had of the earthquake that took the life of her entire family. She avoids any cues that would make her remember the event but still couldn't prevent the nightmare that terrorizes her at night. c) Olan has unstable relationships, unmet achievements, and overall disinterest in life. His family has caught him a few times doing risky behaviors that could endanger him. d) Pete has been complaining about his inability to focus on a task or work. He feels that his work is too easy and that he needed complexity in his job. Without complexity, he feels that he can finish the job within a couple of hours, which has become the usual problem he encounters with his boss.

c) Olan has unstable relationships, unmet achievements, and overall disinterest in life. His family has caught him a few times doing risky behaviors that could endanger him.

One difference between panic disorders and PTSD is a) in a panic attack, the alarm is false, while in PTSD, the initial alarm is true b) in panic disorder, the alarm is true, while in PTSD, the alarm is false c) panic disorder but not PTSD has a biological vulnerability d) PTSD but not panic disorder has a biological vulnerability

a) in a panic attack, the alarm is false, while in PTSD, the initial alarm is true

Although both panic disorder patients and persons with somatic symptom disorder tend to misinterpret bodily sensations, patients with panic disorder a) are having real physical sensations, while the sensations of those with somatic symptom disorder are all in their heads. b) tend to fear immediate catastrophe, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to fear long-term illness. c) are having imagined physical sensations, while those with somatic symptom disorder are experiencing real physical sensations. d) tend to ignore the symptoms of their first attacks, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to seek immediate medical treatment following the first indication of pain.

b) tend to fear immediate catastrophe, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to fear long-term illness.

Daniel believed that he could cure HIV and AIDS using his formula. His formula is based on empirical studies he has broadly gathered in past three months. Even before 'finding out' this formula, he thought he had this special mission of helping those suffering from cancer and this is a special calling he received. Prior to this, he was so sad and lonely and felt his life has no meaning. He had attempts of suicide which were prevented by his close relatives. They caught this attempt because Daniel has always been unique and uncommon, says his family and friends. He has thoughts that can never be argued. He sensed things that his family has always been confused about. This initial observation has been present since he was still a teenager, but the overactivity and gloominess has recently added the to the confusion his parents already have. What is closest diagnosis of Daniel? a) Schizophrenia. His apparent mood symptoms are by-products of his psychotic symptoms. b) Bipolar 1 with psychotic features c) Bipolar 2 with psychotic features d) Schizoaffective disorder

d) Schizoaffective disorder

Luis, age 19, claims he magically started seeing ticking numbers, decreasing in value, on top of every person he sees approximately 100 days ago. He believed that these numbers are the remaining seconds a person will stay alive. He even claims he saw one died after the number on his head turns zero. He, therefore, believed that he was chosen to warn people to change their ways and repent on their sins. Although he wanted to warn others and his intention is pure, he was also saddened that people started avoiding him. What could be Luis' condition? a) Schizotypal personality disorder b) Provisional Schizophreniform c) Schizophreniform d) Schizophrenia

b) Provisional Schizophreniform

Donita has been visiting physicians about her pain in her stomach. Donita claims it is so painful that she needed to go the toilet and try to defecate but nothing has been expelled. She lost weight because she has also been avoiding any contents that would worsen the pain. She has been so distressed about this, but no physician can see what has been going on. Donita adamantly believed that there really is something wrong with her insides despite all available test has been utilized to diagnose a condition. Although physicians have been referring her to psychologists and/or psychiatrists, she never visited one because she felt never convinced by those tests she already had undergone. If the physicians were right, what impression could a psychologist or psychiatrist develop on Donita's condition? a) Anorexia Nervosa b) Illness anxiety disorder c) Somatic symptom disorder d) Delusional disorder somatic type

d) Delusional disorder somatic type

Which of the following is the best description of schizophrenia? a) Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms shared by everyone with the diagnosis. b) Schizophrenia is characterized by multiple personalities. c) Schizophrenia is characterized by behavior and symptoms that aren't necessarily common to everyone with the diagnosis. d) The course of schizophrenia is always predictable.

c) Schizophrenia is characterized by behavior and symptoms that aren't necessarily common to everyone with the diagnosis.

Which of the following is the Capgras type of psychotic delusion? a) A familiar person is actually a double b) One is a famous or important person c) People are out to get you d) A body part has changed in some impossible way

a) A familiar person is actually a double

The two behavioral factor of phobia includes a) Classically conditioned fear and positively reinforced avoidance. b) Classically conditioned avoidance and negatively reinforced avoidance fear. c) Classically unconditioned avoidance and positively reinforced fear. d) Classically conditioned fear and negatively reinforced avoidance.

d) Classically conditioned fear and negatively reinforced avoidance.

Ellena, age 26, has been feeling sad about relationships and career for more than three years now. She claims that she cannot find any worth in living and claims that she is just 'floating around' just to survive. It is also notable that she gets attached so deeply with Ralph who also complains about her sticky attachment over him. She is saddened by her relationship with Theron that it is not moving forward. Her career seems to be in state of decline that whatever she does leads to failure. What could be Ellena's condition? a) Borderline personality disorder b) Dependent personality disorder c) Persistent depressive disorder d) No identifiable disorder

a) Borderline personality disorder

c) schizoid

Without understanding the thought process motivating the patient's behavior, it would probably be impossible to determine whether a patient had personality disorder or personality disorder. a) narcissistic; antisocial b) dependent; narcissistic c) schizoid; avoidant d) borderline; histrionic

c) schizoid; avoidant

There are three primary criteria for Caffeine Use Disorder. Which is not? a) Persistent desire or unsuccessful effort to control use b) Continued use despite problems associated with caffeine use. c) Caffeine withdrawal d) Caffeine intoxication

d) Caffeine intoxication

Mrs. Garcia complains that she has been thinking about possible events that could endanger her and her family in the future. This has been recurring that she could not do her task at work or even at home. She keeps on contemplating about her relationship with her mother whom she quarrelled a couple of years ago. Hence, she frequently calls her family members a number of times in a day. What question would not clarify as to whether the condition of Mrs. Garcia is generalized anxiety disorder and not obsessive compulsive disorder? a) Are the recurrent thoughts intrusive? b) Does her excessive worry last for 6 months? c) Is there an event that triggered her worries? d) Is the worry bothersome and unlikely of herself?

c) Is there an event that triggered her worries?

Hideki has been diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder and has begun psychotherapy. Since he is willing to undergo a combined treatment approach, the result a) is excellent since most patients seeking treatment eventually are symptom free. b) may be a reduction in symptoms or postponement of schizophrenia. c) is excellent only if he is willing to take medication. d) is poor since most patients go on to develop schizophrenia

b) may be a reduction in symptoms or postponement of schizophrenia.

Which of the following statements is false? a) Recent research is refining the search for genes that cause antisocial personality disorder. b) Recent research on brain damage indicates that brain damage is found in psychopaths. c) Recent research on neuropsychological tests indicates that psychopaths score equally as well as nonpsychopaths. d) Some research suggests that those with psychopathy are generally underaroused, and thus engage in actions to compensate for this lack of stimulus input.

b) Recent research on brain damage indicates that brain damage is found in psychopaths.

Who will be most likely to have a sexual dysfunction? a) Santo, a 28-year-old, who sometimes gets overexcited and ejaculates after a couple of minutes. b) Henry, who is 65 and once had a heart attack. c) Imelda, who is 33 and sexually inexperienced. d) Katrina, who is 65 and has sex only once a week.

b) Henry, who is 65 and once had a heart attack.

Jen claims that she is bothered by how Red cared for her. Red spends so much of his finances and time in satisfying Jen's needs. On Jen's last birthday, Red surprised her with a party on which all her Highschool friends were present. She was surprised because she was not in constant contact with them. One morning, after Jen posted her cravings on sweets, she was surprised that a food delivery service delivered what she wanted, and it was already paid. How would you assess the situation? a) Jen is likely in love with someone else and is guilty of the love Red has. b) If you knew that Red just recently become acquainted with Jen, then Red could have narcissistic personality disorder. c) There is nothing wrong with Jen or Red. This is normal attraction between adults. d) Jen suffers from paranoid personality disorder. Her concern has no basis and therefore may be considered abnormal.

b) If you knew that Red just recently become acquainted with Jen, then Red could have narcissistic personality disorder.

Recent research has shown that a) ADHD is found equally among boys and girls. b) ADHD is caused by a single gene. c) the brains of children with ADHD are 3% to 4% smaller than children without ADHD. d) The same medications used to treat depressive symptoms are the most effective at reducing symptoms of ADHD.

c) the brains of children with ADHD are 3% to 4% smaller than children without ADHD.

Ben and Dan had their first tattoo for a year now. Because of non-sanitized procedures, Ben and Dan's tattoo wounds got swollen and Infected. Ben worries so much that he cries at night because of this attempt. Dan doesn't show as much as anxiety as Ben but both of them thinks that the itchiness and pain from the wound are preliminary symptom of AIDS already. Hence, both of them seek consultations and tests for repeated number of times while all results disproves that they have AIDS. Their jobs and relationships were affected already because of their laboratory tests and consultations. What could be the condition of the two? a) Both has illness anxiety disorder b) Both has somatic symptom disorder c) Ben has illness anxiety disorder while Dan has somatic symptom disorder. d) Ben has somatic symptom disorder while Dan is responding normally to his pain.

b) Both has somatic symptom disorder

The fight-or-flight system is partially activated by deficiencies in the neurotransmitter, in the brain. a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) Cortisol d) Norepinephrine

a) Serotonin

The following are least likely false regarding monoamine hypothesis, except a) In depression, there is low dopamine, 5-HT, and noradrenaline. b) In mania with hostile mood, there is high dopamine and norepinephrine, but low serotonin. c) In anxiety disorders, there is high norepinephrine but low gamma-amino butyric acid and serotonin. d) In alzheimer's disease, there is high dopamine but low acetylcholine.

d) In alzheimer's disease, there is high dopamine but low acetylcholine.

Mr. Smith (age 52) is brought to the hospital emergency room. His son explains that his father woke up this morning and was "not himself." Mr. Smith appears confused, agitated, and a bit frightened. He believes that there are people out there to hurt him. Mr. Smith's son reports that his father had been completely fine with no symptoms prior to that morning but a large does of illicit drug has been found in his father's drawers. After five days, Mr. Smith goes back to his expected functioning and behavior. Mr. Smith appears to have suffered from a) Substance use disorder b) neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease c) delirium d) brief psychotic disorder

c) delirium

Danny believes that there is a syndicate that is other there to get him. It is due to his large amount of debt he borrowed from loan sharks to maintain his drug use, specifically, marijuana. He sees and hears people who is talking about him which eventually caught up to him and hurt him. There was no evidence to this felony attack but Danny claims that there were people who hurt him. What was Danny's condition? a) This is a case of Substance use disorder, hallucinogen type b) Aldrin has paranoid personality disorder c) His belief of people hurting him, his senses become selective and confabulated memories of actual felony. He actually has Delusional disorder, persecutory type d) At the moment, Danny can be considered normal. There is not enough evidence to tell that he has a diagnosable disorder.

d) At the moment, Danny can be considered normal. There is not enough evidence to tell that he has a diagnosable disorder.

The following disorders are not unparalleled to its etiology, except a) Paranoid personality disorder and delusional disorder persecutory type patients excessively use a coping style in which they see their own characteristics onto others. b) Depression is a disorder of combined inward aggression in response to loss and inactivity of the cortical area of the brain. c) Predisposing factors of substance use disorder are heritable but not its precipitating factors. d) Illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder, but not anxiety disorders, have hyperactivity of insula cortex

d) Illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder, but not anxiety disorders, have hyperactivity of insula cortex

Which of the following is least likely true? a) John has inherited a personality trait that makes him more likely to keep to himself than to socialize. As a result, he does not have many friends and spends a lot of time alone. If John were to develop depression, the model that would probably best explain this situation and the cause of his depression is reciprocal gene-environment. b) The use of downward drift hypothesis in describing majority of psychological disorder but especially among schizophrenia and substance use disorder patients emphasizes the relationship of the mental illness symptoms and social status. c) The evidence for structural damage in the brains of schizophrenic patients is that the majority of schizophrenic patients have enlarged ventricles in their brains. d) A patient died of suicide during depressive episode. This is rare because among bipolar patients, suicide almost always happens during manic episode.

d) A patient died of suicide during depressive episode. This is rare because among bipolar patients, suicide almost always happens during manic episode.

Which of the following is not true? a) Panic disorder shares several common characteristics with both somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder. Manner in which anxiety is expressed is not one of them. b) The hypothesized connections between somatic symptom disorder and antisocial personality disorder are pleasure seeking and impulsivity. c) Clement has washing compulsions. However, even after thorough assessment, obsessions were not observed. Clement should not be diagnosed of OCD. d) One distinction that may help determine those with DID from individuals who are malingering is that malingerers are usually eager to demonstrate their symptoms.

c) Clement has washing compulsions. However, even after thorough assessment, obsessions were not observed. Clement should not be diagnosed of OCD.

Due to severe level of depression and absence of social support, the statement, "Aldrin has killed himself" can be restated as a) Aldrin committed suicide. b) Aldrin successfully committed suicide. c) Aldrin died by suicide. d) Suicide killed Aldrin

c) Aldrin died by suicide.