DEV Psych (Sir Patrick) Flashcards
Which is not true about a zygote?
a) Contains the combined genetic information from both parents
b) Implants in the lining of the uterus during the germinal period
c) Is formed when the sperm fertilizes the egg
d) It is formed after missing the first full menstrual cycle of the mother.
d) It is formed after missing the first full menstrual cycle of the mother.
______ is caused by enzyme deficiency resulting in the accumulation of lipids in the nerve cells of the brain. This accumulation results in progressive damage to the cells, a decrease in cognitive and physical development, and early death.
a) Achondroplasia
b) Tay-Sachs disease
c) Huntington’s disease
d) Phenylketonuria
b) Tay-Sachs disease
Presbycusis is:
a) A ringing, hissing, or roaring sound in the ears
b) The experience of dizziness caused by fluid problems In the inner ear
c) A common form of hearing loss in late adulthood that results in a gradual loss of hearing
d) An injury to the ear caused by changes in air or water pressure
c) A common form of hearing loss in late adulthood that results in a gradual loss of hearing
The ability to use the accumulated knowledge about practical matters that allows for sound judgment and decision making is called:
a) Common sense
b) Implicit memory
c) Procedural memory
d) Wisdom
d) Wisdom
Rahul has a basic understanding that objects can be used as symbols and can solve problems using mental strategies, remember and repeat something heard days before, and engage in pretend play. Which of Piaget’s substages is he in?
a) Tertiary circular reactions
b) Beginning of representational thought
c) Secondary circular reactions d) Preoperational stage
b) Beginning of representational thought
6) Which of the following is true?
I. Being an older parent is associated with more medical risks, but there are also possible positive consequences, such as increased stability and better income.
II. Both mothers under age 15 and over age 35 are at increased risk of having premature babies.
III. All women should gain the same amount of weight during pregnancy, regardless of their pre-pregnancy weight.
IV. Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy will be permanently diabetic after giving birth.
a) I and II
b) III and IV
c) II and III
d) I and IV
a) I and II
Which of the following statements about synaptic pruning is FALSE?
a) It is the result of some kind of illness or injury to the brain
b) It helps the brain work more efficiently
c) It is affected by experience
d) It continues into childhood and adolescence
a) It is the result of some kind of illness or injury to the brain
When we refer to infant sleep as “polyphasic”, we mean that:
a) Infants go through several different stages of sleep
b) Infants spend more time in REM sleep than adults do
c) The amount of sleep infants need changes as they get older
d) Infants sleep in several periods throughout the day Instead of just one long time period at night
d) Infants sleep in several periods throughout the day Instead of just one long time period at night
The reflex involves the toes fanning out and curling when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe.
a) Babinski
b) Moro
c) Tonic neck
d) Rooting
a) Babinski
Babbling is defined as:
a) Intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning and comprise a consonant-vowel repeated sequence
b) A one-syllable combination of a consonant and a vowel sound
c) The infant understanding more than they can say
d) One-word expressions
a) Intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning and comprise a consonant-vowel repeated sequence
In Chess and Thomas’ system for classifying infant temperaments, a(n). infant is described as being
one who has a low activity level, adjusts slowly to new situations and is often negative in mood.
a) Difficult
b) Easy
c) Slow to warm up
d) Undifferentiated
c) Slow to warm up
Being born in a certain time period, such as during the COVID-19 Pandemic, may affect our views, behaviors, and development in a way that can’t be easily predicted from chronological age. This is called a:
a) Flynn effect
b) Doppler effect
c) Cohort effect
d) Practice effect
c) Cohort effect
In addition to the possibility that each generation of people is actually smarter than the one before it, the Flynn effect is potentially explained by all of the following, except
a) More familiarity with multiple-choice tests
b) Better nutrition
c) Increased access to information
d) invalid and unreliable measures of intelligence
d) invalid and unreliable measures of intelligence
Selman outlines five stages of friendship from early childhood through to adulthood. In stage 3, called “intimate and mutual sharing”, a friend is:
a) Someone who you can tell things you would tell no one else
b) Someone who returns a favor
c) Someone who accepts you and that you accept as they
are
d) Someone who does nice things for you
a) Someone who you can tell things you would tell no one else
In old age, _______ is/are the loss of peripheral vision, frequently due to a buildup of fluid in eye that damages the
optic nerve.
a) Macular degeneration
b) Glaucoma
c) Presbyopia
d) Cataracts
b) Glaucoma
The dual-process model of grieving proposes that, when grieving:
a) People alternate between moments of sadness and moments of happiness
b) People alternate between looking back and looking forward
c) People separate their cognitive understanding of death from their emotional feelings about death
d) People adjust their grieving processes depending on their social setting and the people they’re with
b) People alternate between looking back and looking forward
Which of the following is NOT a problem with longitudinal research?
a) It is expensive and time-consuming to do
b) It is difficult to keep up with participants
c) Participant’s performance may improve due to practice effects
d) It is unethical to study people over time
d) It is unethical to study people over time
Vygotsky believed that adults didn’t possess new skills, but instead had skills that were already present in children, just better developed. This is an example of development.
a) Discontinuous
b) Continuous
c) Stable
d) Qualitative
b) Continuous
The term “sarcopenia” refers to:
a) A form of skin cancer caused by repeated sun exposure
b) Bone growths that make it painful to walk
c) The loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging
d) Changes in skin appearance and texture with aging
c) The loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging
Laylah doesn’t want hot chocolate put in her Doc McStuffins cup because she’s worried the hot liquid will burn Doc McStuffins. The best term to describe this is:
a) Animism
b) Egocentrism
c) Scaffolding
d) Conservation
a) Animism
A child is in the zone of proximal development when:
a) They can perform a task independently
b) They are unable to perform a task
c) They can almost perform a task, but not quite on their own without assistance
d) They are almost ready to start learning to perform a task
c) They can almost perform a task, but not quite on their own without assistance
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is based on the following, except
a) Research involving people who had strokes that compromised some capacities, but not others
b) The idea that it would be evolutionarily functional for different people to have different talents and skills
c) The existence of eight (or possibly nine) intelligences that can be differentiated from each other
d) summarizing intelligences into one overall score
d) summarizing intelligences into one overall score
Following theories of aging, when the telomeres get too short, one of three things can happen. When “cellular senescence” occurs:
a) A cell ceases to replicate by turning itself off
b) A cell takes on new functions
c) A cell continues to divide and becomes abnormal
d) A cell ceases to replicate by dying
a) A cell ceases to replicate by turning itself off
Hormonal Stress Theory suggests that as we age, the ability to regulate hormones in the body of the begins to decline, leading to metabolic problems.
a) Thyroid gland
b) Pineal gland
c) Pituitary gland
d) Hypothalamus
d) Hypothalamus
When Simon’s partner died, the partner’s family refused to
acknowledge Simon as a legitimate mourner, deliberately changing aspects of the funeral service without telling him and excluding him from family gatherings. Simon is likely to experience:
a) Complicated grief
b) Disenfranchised grief
c) Anticipatory grief
d) Culturally-sanctioned grief
b) Disenfranchised grief
Baby Danny is staring and trying to reach the Christmas lights after they were installed by his father. After a few minutes of trying to reach it, Danny went on to his dada wanting to be carried somewhere and enjoy the view elsewhere. This scenario is referred to as
a) Dishabituation
b) Negative punishment
c) Habituation
d) Behavioral extinction
c) Habituation
Malik has a dog at home and so is familiar with what a dog is. He sees a bear for the first time and says “Doggie!” What process is he using?
a) Accommodation
b) Assimilation
c) Attribution
d) Affiliation
b) Assimilation
Infants are innately ready to respond to the sounds of any language, but some of this ability will be lost by 7 or 8 months as the infant becomes familiar with the sounds of a particular language and less sensitive to sounds that are part of an unfamiliar language. This is consistent with the concept of:
a) Heterotopia
b) Synaptic pruning
c) Watershed infarct
d) Oligemia
b) Synaptic pruning
Vygotsky believed that children talked to themselves because:
a) They were learning to solve problems or clarify thoughts
b) They were egocentric
c) They had insecure attachments
d) They were resolving the crisis of Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
a) They were learning to solve problems or clarify thoughts
Possible effects of exposure to illicit drugs during pregnancy
include all of the following, except
a) Premature birth
b) Heart defects
c) Brain defects
d) Synaptic pruning
d) Synaptic pruning
Middle aged men/women are experiencing job burnout when they:
a) Have reached the peak of their earning potential
b) Feel disillusioned and frustrated at work
c) Have advanced as far as they can go in terms of promotions and responsibilities
d) Are trying to balance their employment and family responsibilities
b) Feel disillusioned and frustrated at work
To produce a healthy resolution of the Initiative vs. Guilt crisis, caregivers should:
a) Provide consistent, affectionate care
b) Offer praise for the child’s efforts and avoid being critical of messes or mistakes
c) Allow the child to try new things and explore their expanding self-concept
d) Model initiative-taking behavior of their own
b) Offer praise for the child’s efforts and avoid being critical of messes or mistakes
After about five days of mitosis, the zygote contains about 100 cells and is called a(n):
a) Embryo
b) Blastocyst
c) Trophoblast
d) Fetus
b) Blastocyst
Piaget’s sensorimotor period has six substages. In which substage does the infant begin to actively involve their own body in some form of repeated activity?
a) Coordination of secondary circular reactions
b) Beginning of representational thought
c) Secondary circular reactions
d) Primary circular reactions
d) Primary circular reactions
Who is at greater risk for sex-linked disorders due to a recessive gene?
a) Males because they have only one X chromosome
b) Males because they are more affected by recessive genes in general
c) Females because they are more affected by recessive genes in general
d) Females because they have two X chromosomes
a) Males because they have only one X chromosome
Jess is naturally athletically inclined and thus seeks out opportunities to participate in sports. This is an example of a(n). genotype-environment correlation.
a) Active
b) Passive
c) Evocative
d) Epigenetic
a) Active
_______ is a parasite found in cat feces, dirt, and
uncooked meats and can cause problems during prenatal
development.
a) Schistosoma mansoni
b) Toxoplasma gondii
c) Balatidium coli
d) Cystoisospora belli
b) Toxoplasma gondii
In the false belief task, a child must think logically about a situation from the perspective of someone who knows something different than they do. In order to reason correctly about this situation, the child must have:
a) Theory of mind
b) Theory-theory
c) Fast mapping
d) Scaffolding
a) Theory of mind
Nina finds someone’s wallet and returns it because she knows the person who lost it will want it back, and she doesn’t want them to be inconvenienced. She is using
morality.
a) Preconventional
b) Conventional
c) Postconventional
d) Unconventional
b) Conventional
Wei plans to vote the same way her parents do and support the same candidates and political party they support. She hasn’t thought about her own beliefs, but rather is just doing the same thing her parents do. This best represents:
a) Identity achievement
b) Identity moratorium
c) Identity foreclosure
d) Identity diffusion
c) Identity foreclosure