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2020 Phase 3a (DB) > psych > Flashcards

psych Flashcards

1
Q

What is an illusion?

A

False perception arising from a present stimulus

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2
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

False perception of a stimulus in the absence of a stimulus

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3
Q

What are hypnopompic hallucinations?

A

Hallucinations which occur as you wake up

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4
Q

What are hypnogogic hallucinations?

A

Hallucinations which occur as you fall asleep

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5
Q

What are 2nd person auditory hallucinations?

A

Auditory hallucinations that are directed at the patient, with or without referring to them by name
“You are …”

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6
Q

What are 3rd person auditory hallucinations?

A

Auditory hallucinations that do not refer to the patient, but provide a running commentary
“He is doing …”
“John is…”

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7
Q

What are reflex hallucinations?

A

Hallucination in a different modality to that of the stimulus

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8
Q

What are extracampine hallucinations?

A

Hallucinations which occur outside of the patient’s sensory field
“I can see someone standing behind me”

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9
Q

What are pseudohallucinations?

A

Outdated term.

Person has insight regarding their hallucinations; knows they aren’t real

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10
Q

What is a delusion?

A

Belief that is not linked with reality and is not culturally appropriate, and cannot be shifted.

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11
Q

What is an over-valued idea?

A

Belief that is not linked with reality, but can be shifted

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12
Q

What are persecutory delusions?

A

Delusions linked around persecutory beliefs: pt is being watched/monitored, perceived threat

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13
Q

What are grandiose delusions?

A

Patient believes they have special powers or are on a special mission which elevates them beyond the realms of reality

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14
Q

What are nihilistic delusions?

A

Patient believes that they are dead/dying/decaying, or that their insides are rotting etc.

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15
Q

What are Capgras delusions?

A

Someone in the patient’s life has been replaced by an imposter

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16
Q

What are Fregoli delusions?

A

One person is masquerading as multiple people

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17
Q

What is a delusion of subjective doubles?

A

Patient believes they have a doppelganger that is doing bad things using their image??

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18
Q

What is a delusional perception?

A

A true perception, to which a patient attributes a false meaning.
For example, a perfectly normal event such as the traffic lights turning red may be interpreted by the patient as meaning that the martians are about to land.
Usually preceded by prodromal symptoms?

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19
Q

What is thought alienation?

A

Thoughts are interfered with by an external agent

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20
Q

What is thought insertion?

A

An external agency is putting thoughts into your head that DO NOT BELONG TO YOU

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21
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

An external agency is removing your thoughts from your mind

22
Q

What is thought broadcast?

A

Patient believes that everyone can hear their thoughts

23
Q

What is thought echo?

A

Person hears their thoughts as if they were spoken out loud

24
Q

What is thought block?

A

Person’s mind goes completely blank, as if their thoughts have stopped. Cannot pick the thought up again.

25
Q

What is concrete thinking?

A

Patient with concrete thinking will take phrases and idioms literally

26
Q

What is loosening of association?

A

Thought process loses cohesion. Thoughts move between unlinked topics. AKA Knight’s move thinking

27
Q

What is word salad?

A

Extreme form of knight’s move thinking where the patient says many words which are understood, but they do not make sense

28
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

Person takes a very long time to get to the point and answer the question

29
Q

What is perseveration?

A

Repetition of a response regardless of the absence or presence of stimulus

30
Q

What is confabulation? Which conditions is it most commonly seen in?

A

Confabulation occurs when the patient cannot form memories and so the brain fills in the gaps.
Commonly seen in:
- Alcoholism (destruction of mammillary bodies)
- Dementia
- Schizophrenia

31
Q

What is somatic passivity?

A

Patient believes that an external force is impacting on them

32
Q

What is “made act/feel/drive”?

A

External force is making the patient act/feel a certain way, or giving them the urge to do things

33
Q

What is catatonia?

A

Person is awake, but does not move, talk, or react to anything but pain

34
Q

What is psychomotor retardation?

A

Person’s thoughts/movements are excessively slow

35
Q

What is pressure of speech?

A

Person speaks so quickly, so forcefully that you cannot get a word in

36
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

Patient has many ideas, linked to one another. It is the thought process that is affected.

37
Q

Define anhedonia

A

Person no longer feels pleasure from activities they used to enjoy

38
Q

Define apathy

A

Lack of energy/drive to do things

39
Q

What is incongruity of affect?

A

Exhibition of emotions which are inappropriate to the situation, e.g. person laughing about something that they feel sad about

40
Q

What is blunting of affect?

A

Person does not express emotions; you cannot tell how they feel about things

41
Q

What is conversion?

A

Person converts trauma that they have experienced/witnessed into a physical symptom

42
Q

What is Belle Indifference?

A

Person converts trauma into a physical symptom but does not care about the physical symptom

43
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

Person feels detached from themselves and their actions

44
Q

What is derealisation?

A

Patient feels that everything around them is unreal

45
Q

Define obsession

A

Patient keeps thinking unwanted thoughts

46
Q

Define compulsion

A

Patient keeps getting the urge to do things. Often linked with obsession

47
Q

What is akathisia?

A

A side effect of treatment (antipsychotics mostly, but some antidepressants (SSRIs)) whereby the patient feels restless, cannot keep still

48
Q

What is the acronym for MSE?

A 
Always - Appearance 
Be - Behaviour
Sure - Speech
To - Thoughts
Assess - Affect/Mood
Patients' - Perceptions
Cognitive - cognition
Ideas - Insight
49
Q

List 8 questions to ask in suicide risk assessment?

A
  1. Current method
  2. Patient’s belief in the lethality of the method (what did you think would happen?)
  3. Planned or impulsive?
  4. Did you leave a note/set your affairs in order?
  5. How did you come to A&E?
  6. Did you use alcohol/drugs before?
  7. What are your thoughts now? (Do you regret it?)
  8. Have you ever attempted suicide before?
50
Q

List Schneider’s first rank symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  1. Auditory hallucinations
  2. Thought alienation (insertion, withdrawal, broadcast)
  3. Passivity
  4. Delusional perception
51
Q

What is the triad for serotonin syndrome?

A
  1. Neuromuscular excitability
  2. Autonomic dysfunction
  3. Altered mental state
52
Q 
MCQ: 
Mood congruent delusions are seen in: 
1. Schizophrenia
2. Delusional disorder
3. Depressive psychosis
4. Dementia
A

Answer: depressive psychosis

Cotard etc.

2020 Phase 3a (DB) (20 decks)

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