harder paeds from quesmed Flashcards
what is reye’s syndrome?
taking aspirin in viral illness - reye’s
liver damage and encephalopathy
what would you see on ECG of wolff-parkinson-white?
delta waves (at start of qrs complex) associated with supraventricular tachy
what does congenital rubella cause?
cataracts
deafness
PDA
aqueduct stenosis - hydrocephalus
what is nephrotic syndrome symptoms
oedema
proteinuria
hypoalbuminaemia
what is commonest cause of nephrotic in kids
minimal change disease
how is minimal change disease treated
pred
fluid restriction, reduced salt
how does duodenal atresia present?
vomiting in 1st week of life since birth,
no passage of meconium?
how does duodenal atresia look on xray
double bubble sign
how is duodenal atresia treated?
duodenoduodenostomy?
how much bolus fluid in DKA?
10ml/kg
20ml/kg in all others
how is sickle crisis treated?
analgesia (morphine) and fluids
how is reflux nephropathy assessed?
mcug
how is renal scarring assessed?
dmsa
what dose of benpen for meningitis?
1.2mg IM
how are seizures stopped in status?
buccal midaz
then iv lorazepam
then phenytoin
what infections might turner syndrome get frequently?
otitis media
what are some features associated with turner?
koilonychia
low posterior hairline
how long are scarlet fever infectious?
24 hours after abx dose
phenoxymethylpenicillin (aka penicillin V)
what determines degree of cyanosis in tet fallot?
degree of pulm stenosis
how does ASD murmur sound?
ejection systolic and split S2 fixed!!
when would you give antibiotics in paeds uro?
reflux nephropathy
how is orbital cellulitis investigated?
CT Orbit
what does congenital parvovirus cause?
HYDROPS FETALIS
how does down’s syndrome happen at cellular level?
meiotic non-disjunction
what are some more features of down’s?
duodenal atresia
AV septal defect
what tone is found in cerebral palsy
hypertonia
what is scissor walking assiociated with
cerebral palsy
spastic diplegia
when would lumbar puncture be contraindicated?/
raised ICP - if papilloedema/bradycardia/hypertension
extensive/spreading purpura
what does holosystolic murmur indicate?
eisenmenger’s
eisenmenger’s is a cyanotic condition
heard over lower left sternal edge
is eisenmenger’s cyanotic
yes
describe eisenmenger’s pathophys
long standing left to right shunt causes pulm hypertension causes reversal of shunt to right to left causing cyanosis
how is haemorrhagic disease of newborn prevented?
vitamin K
how might haemorrhagic disease newborn present
jaundice, bruising,
intracranial haemorrhage
how does rolandic epilepsy present?
occurs during sleep mostly
centrotemporal spikes on EEG
grow out by puberty usually
what does eeg of rolandic look like?
centrotemporal spikes
what is most common bone cancer in children?
osteosarcoma
how does osteosarcoma look on xray?
new bone growth
sunburnt periosteum
full body CT to look for mets
how is osteosarcoma managed?
neo-adjuvant chemo
surgical and reconstruction
what type of hypersensitivity is asthma?
type 1 (allergic reactions too)
how does VSD murmur sound?
pansystolic 2/6 murmur
how does aplastic crisis present?
pancytopaenia in absence of splenomegaly
in sickle cell, precipitated by parvovirus (slapped cheek)
what causes bronchiolitis obliterans?
adenovirus!!!!
which herpesvirus causes chickenpox?
HHV3 (VZV)
how does goodpasture’s syndrome present?
haematuria
how does neonatal hypothyroidism present?
hypotonia
macroglossia
reduced feeding
constipation
what causes inflammation of synovial membrane?
transient synovitis
what electrolyte abnormality can bronchiolitis cause?
hyponatraemia and seizures
how does typhoid present?
indian subcontinent/indonesia?????
fever and abdo pain
from contaminated food???
how is typhoid treated?
ceftriaxone if indian subcontinent
ciprofloxacin if travelled elsewhere
how are tet fallot spells managed?
phenylephrine last lines
- vasoconstrictor
what does coxsackie B cause?
myocarditis
what is the tetrad of symptoms for HSP?
arthralgia
abdo pain
rash
glomerulonephritis
if untreated which cancer can coeliac cause?
lymphoma - EATL (T cell lymphoma)
small bowel adenocarcinoma
when would MMR vaccine be contraindicated
immunocompromised as is live attenuated
how is sinus headache treated?
with Abx
how is bacterial sepsis tested for?
precalcitonin not lactate!
what is waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome?
due to meningococcal septicaemia
adrenal haemorrhage
what are the symptoms of waterhouse fried?
hypoglycaemia
dehydration
others idk
what type of vasculitis is HSP?
small vessel vasculitis
what do you need to monitor in neonates who are on high flow oxygen
retina - free radicals in the oxygen can cause retinopathy of prematurity
which antibodies in SLE can cause congenital heart block?
anti-Ro and anti La - congenital heart block
Potter syndrome
oligohydramnios causes
- clubbed feet
- parrot beak nose
- recessed chin
- low set cartilage-deficient ears
- prominent epicanthal folds
- dry loose skin
- pulmonary hypoplasia can be due to oligohydramnios
is haemolytic uraemic syndrome notifiable?
yes
what are the symptoms of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
- jaundice
- renal failure - oliguria
- thrombocytopaenia
how is haemolytic uraemic syndrome treated?
supportive
antihypertensives and dialysis
what type of diabetes can cause transposition?
t1/2 dm
not gestational
