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2020 Phase 3a (DB) > paeds cardio > Flashcards

paeds cardio Flashcards

1
Q

how does pda murmur sound?

A

continuous murmur loudest over left clavicle

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2
Q

pulm stenosis murmur?

A

systolic murmur

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3
Q

ASD murmur?

A

ASDs have a fixed split S2 sound`

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4
Q

VSD murmur?

A

pansystolic murmur

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5
Q

does a benign ejection systolic murmur vary with posture?

A

yes

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6
Q

how does tetralogy of fallot murmur sound?

A

ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge

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7
Q

What are acyanotic conditions?

A
  • ventricular septal defect
  • atrial septal defects
  • pda
  • coarctation of aorta
  • aortic valve stenosis
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8
Q

what are cyanotic conditions?

A
  • tetralogy of fallot
  • transposition of great arteries
  • tricuspid atresia
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9
Q

what type of shunt causes breathlessness?

A

Left to right shunt

VSD
PDA
ASD

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10
Q

what are the left to right shunts?

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

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11
Q

what type of shunt causes cyanosis?

A

Right to Left shunt

ToF
transposition of great arteries

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12
Q

list some cyanotic heart shunts?

A

ToF

transposition of great arteries

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13
Q

what does the PDA join?

A

joins pulmonary artery to aorta. hence breathlessness

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14
Q

what is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

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15
Q

what are the signs of VSD?

A 
tachycardia
tachypnoea
Failure to thrive
heart failure
pansystolic murmur (lower left sternal edge)
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16
Q

how is VSD managed?

A

if small, will close spontaneously

if large, surgery and diuretics

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17
Q

what are the signs of ASD?

A 
none
tachypnoea
failure to thrive
wheeze
ejection systolic murmur (upper left sternal edge)
18
Q

how is ASD managed?

A

if large, surgical

19
Q

when does pda usually close?

A

1 week in term infant

20
Q

what are symptoms of pda?

A

tachypnoea
failure to thrive
continuous machine like murmur (below L clavicle)
bounding pulse

21
Q

how is pda treated?

A

NSAIDs (ibuprofen or indomethacin)

surgical ligation

22
Q

what are the 4 components of ToF?

A
  1. VSD
  2. Overriding aorta
  3. RVH
  4. Pulmonary stenosis
23
Q

how does Tof present?

A
  1. severe cyanosis
  2. hypercyanotic spells on exercise, crying, defecating
  3. squatting on exercise
  4. ejection systolic murmur
  5. clubbing of fingers/toes (late)
24
Q

when would you get hypercyanotic spells in tof

A

crying
exercise
defecation

25
Q

what murmur would you hear in tof?

A

ejection systolic

26
Q

how is tof managed?

A

VSD closure surgery at 6m

and relieve pulm outlet obstruction

27
Q

what is transposition of great arteries?

A

pulmonary artery and aorta swap

28
Q

what are the symptoms of transposition?

A

often present on day 2 of life after PDA closes with severe life-threatening cyanosis

29
Q

is transposition of arteries ductal dependent?

A

yes!!!

30
Q

how is transposition treated?

A

maintain PDA - prostaglandin infusions

surgical - atrial septostomy and correction

31
Q

what type of heart block does congenital SLE cause?

A

complete heart block

32
Q

what does first degree heart block look like?

A

PR interval >0.2s

33
Q

what does second degree mobitz I heart block look like?

A

progressive prolongation of PR until a dropped beat

34
Q

what does second degree mobitz II heart block look like?

A

PR interval constant, but P often not followed by QRS

35
Q

what does complete (3rd) heart block look like?

A

no association between P and QRS

36
Q

what does LBBB look like?

A

william

W in V1, M in V6

37
Q

what does RBBB look like?

A

marrow

M in V1, W in V6

38
Q

what condition causes supraventricular tachy?

A

wolff-parkinson white

39
Q

what does SVT look like on ecg?

A

narrow QRS. very tachy

40
Q

what is asscociated with wolff-parkinson white?

A

ebstein’s anomaly due to lithium in preg

2020 Phase 3a (DB) (20 decks)

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