Psych Flashcards
classical conditioning
natural response, stimulus, unconditioned stimulus
operant conditioning
learning where particular action produces reward
types of operant conditioning - 4
positive reinforcement, negative reiforcement, punishment, extinction
desired reward produces action
positive reinforcement
target behaviour to remove aversive stimulus
negative reinforcement
repeated aplication of aversive stimulus extinguishes unwanted behaviour
punishment
discontinuation of reinforcement eventually eliminates behaviour
extinction
patient sees doctor in father-like perspective.
transference
doctor projects feelings of formative or other important persons onto patients
countertransference
Immature Ego defenses - 13
acting out, dissociation, denial, displacement, fixation, identification, isolation, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, splitting
Mature Ego defenses - 4
altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression: mature adults wear a SASH
4 Ws of infant deprivation
Weak, Wordless, Wanting, Wary
ADHD Tx
methylphenidate, amphetamines, atomoxetine, behavioral interventions
repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the personal rights of others
conduct disorder
pts with conduct disorder, after 18 often meet criteria for…
antisocial personality disorder
enduring hostility and defiance to authority in absence of serious violations of social norms
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
sudden rapid tics enduring > 1 yr. after 18
tourette’s syndrome
coprolalia
involuntary obscene speach
Tourette’s association and treatment
OCD; antipsychotics and behavioural therapy
7-9 yr old lies in order to remain at school. or stay home.
separation anxiety disorder
separation anxiety disorder Tx
SSRIs, relaxation techniques/behavioral interventions
childhood and early onset disorders
ADHD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, tourettes, separation anxiety disorder
Pervasive developmental disorders
difficulties with language, failure to acquire or early loss of social skills. (autistic, asperger’s, Rett’s, Childhood disintigrative disorder)
greater focus on objects than people, boys, savants
autism
normal intelligence, all absorbing interests, repetitive behavior, problems with social relationships. no verbal or cognitive deficits
aspergers
girls, X-linked, 1-4, mental regression, hand wringing
Rett’s
3-4 yo boys. marked regression after 2 yrs of normal development. social, bowel/bladder control.
Childhood disintigrative disorder
anxiety changes in NTs
increased NE, decreased GABA and 5HT
depression changes in NTs
decreased NE, 5HT, and dopamine
alzheimers dementia changes in NTs
decreased ACh
Huntington’s disease changes in NTs
decreased GABA and ACh, increased dopamine
schizophrenia changes in NTs
increased dopamine
Parkinson’s changes in NTs
decreased dopamine, increased 5HT and ACh
voluntarily suppressing an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
suppression
appreciating amuzing nature of adverse situation
humor
guilt alleviation by generosity toward others
altruism
redirecting emotions to something constructive
sublimation
young woman, acute stressor, loses sensory or motor function.
conversion
someone consciously causing signs or symptoms for primary gain.
Munchausen. factitious disorder imposed on self
