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Board Review > CNS Pathology > Flashcards

CNS Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

pt with elevated AFP in amniotic fluid and blood, as well as polyhydramnios.

A

Anencephaly

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2
Q

embryonic precursor to PNS

A

neural crest

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3
Q

associated with Neural tube defects

A

low folate PRIOR to conception

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4
Q

caudal neural tube defect with protrusion of meninges

A

meningocele

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5
Q

caudal neural tube defect with protrusion of meninges and spinal cord

A

meningomyelocele

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6
Q

connection from 3rd to 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

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7
Q

most common cause of hydrocephalus in newborns

A

cerebral aqueduct stenosis

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8
Q

connects 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space

A

foramina of magendie and luscha

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9
Q

connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle

A

foramen of monroe

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10
Q

congenital failure of cerebellar vermis to develop

A

dandy walker malformation

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11
Q

massively dilated 4th ventricle, absent cerebellum, sometimes with hydrocephalus

A

dandy walker

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12
Q

Congenital extention of the cerebellar tonsils into foramen magnum.

A

arnold-chiari malformation type 2

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13
Q

arnold-chiari associated with…

A

meningomyelocele and syringomyelia, hydrocephalus

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14
Q

cystic degeneration of the spinal cord. usually a result of trauma C8-T1

A

syringomyelia

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15
Q

loss of pain and temp in the upper extremeties. maintain fin touch and position sense

A

syringomyelia

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16
Q

causes of global cerebral ischemia

A

Low perfusion, low blood flow, chronic hypoxia, repeat hypoglycemia (insulinoma)

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17
Q

mild global ischemia

A

transient confusion and promp recovery

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18
Q

severe global ischemia

A

diffuse necrosis - survival in vegetative state

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19
Q

Moderate global ischemia

A

infarct in watershed areas, and damage to highly vulnerable regions.

20
Q

lens shaped lesion on CT

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery - epidural bleed

21
Q

crescent shaped hemorrhage on CT

A

subdural - tearing of bridging veins from dura to arachnoid. elderly cerebral atrophy, shaken baby

22
Q

lethal complication of subdural and epidural hematoma

A

herniation

23
Q

compression of brain stem leading to cardiopulmonary arrest

A

tonsillar herniation

24
Q

infarction of anterior cerebral artery from

A

subfalcine herniation of cingulate gyrus

25
Q

preceeds infarction of occipital lobe by affect on PCA

A

uncal herniation

26
Q

leads to Duret hemorrhage - rupture of paramedian artery

A

uncal herniation of temporal lobe

27
Q

eye is down and out with dilated pupil,

A

uncal herniation and compression of CNIII

28
Q

associated with HLA-DR2

A

MS

29
Q

most common cronic CNS disease of young adults

A

MS

30
Q

MRI shows white matter plaques.

A

MS

31
Q

Lumbar puncture shows increased lymphocytes, oligoclonal IgG bands, myelin basic protein.

A

MS

32
Q

acute and long term tx of MS

A

high dose steroids, interferon beta

33
Q

slow progression infection of grey and white matter - viral inclusions in the neurons and oligodendrocytes.

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - measles

34
Q

immunosuppressed pt with rapidly progressive neurological signs.

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - JC virus of oligodendrocytes

35
Q

rapid IV correction of hyponatremia that leads to pontine demyelination.

A

central pontine myelinolysis

36
Q

pt presents with acute bilateral paralysis - “locked in” syndrome

A

central pontine myelinolysis

37
Q

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

MS of MLF medial longitudinal fasciculus - cannot follow lateral viewing with the contralateral eye.

38
Q

common consideration other than alcoholism for scanning speech

A

MS

39
Q

metastatic tumors to the brain are generally located…

A

at the grey matter/ white matter junction.

40
Q

commons metastatic tumors to brain

A

lung breast and kidney

41
Q

primary tumors of the brain have 5 origins

A

astrocytes, meningothelial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, or neuroectoderm

42
Q

supratentorial primary tumors are usually

A

adults

43
Q

infratentorial primary tumors

A

children

44
Q

three most common brain tumors in adults

A

glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, and schwannoma

45
Q

3 most common primary tumors in children

A

pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma.

46
Q

most common malignant primary CNS tumor in adults

A

GBM

47
Q

pt with pseudopallisaiding

A

…

Board Review (16 decks)

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