Psych 209: Chapter 3 Review Questions

Question 1

3.1

Answer 1

Ethics – A Matter of Privacy

Question 2

Consider the psychological phenomenon of attention. Give an example of basic reseach on attention and applied research on attention.

Answer 2

Basic –> a dichotic listening experiment that varied the message in the non-attended ear

Applied –> an experiment on how cell phone use while driving affects driving

Question 3

Milgram’s obedience study was low on mundane reality, but high on experimental reality. Explain.

Answer 3

The experimental setting would not be encountered in real life (mundane reality), but subjects were deeply involved in the procedure and took it very seriously (experimental reality).

Question 4

The study on male vs. female control of the TV remote illustrated how two types of research can be combined in the same study. Which two types?

Answer 4

Qualitative and quantitative

Question 5

3.2

Answer 5

Origins – Serendipty and Edge Detectors

Question 6

The “Zeigarnik effect” is a good example of how ideas for research can come from ________.

Answer 6

Everyday observations of behavior

Question 7

When drawing conclusion from a theory about a research outsome, describe a conclusion that would be an example of the fallacy of affirming the consequent.

Answer 7

The research comes out as hypothesizes, and the researcher concludes that the theory has therefore been proven true

Question 8

Dogs sometimes escape from yards by lifting latches on gates. Explain why “trail and error” is a more parsimonious explanation than “logical reasoning”.

Answer 8

Trail and error learning is a simpler explanation, while still be adequate as an explanation

Question 9

3.3

Answer 9

Classic Studies – Falsification and Der Kluge Hans

Question 10

What is the goal of a “what’s next” question?

Answer 10

It gets researchers thinking about the next logical experiment, following up on a study that had just been completed

Question 11

What is a study like if it “replicates” and “extends” some research finding?

Answer 11

This means some research outsome has been repeated, and the study also includes some additional findings that go beyond the original research outcome

Question 12

What is the point of Pasteur’s comment that “chance favors the prepared mind”?

Answer 12

Serendipity by itself won’t produce scientific creativity; the scientist also must have a certain degree of knowledge about the phenomenon in question