PSYCH 2030 WEEK 1 Flashcards
Psychopathology
Scientific study of psychological disorders
Scientist-practitioner
Mental health professionals who are expected to apply scientific methods to their work. They must (1) keep current in the latest research on diagnosis and treatment, they must (2) evaluate their own methods for effectiveness, and (3) they may generate their own research to discover new knowledge of disorders and therur treatment
Presenting problem
Original complaint made by the client to the therapist.
Prevalence
Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
Incidence
Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific time period
Course
Pattern of development and change of a disorder over time
Prognosis
Predicted future development of a disorder over time
What doctors think will happen with your health.
Etiology
Cause or source of a disorder
Moral therapy
a way of helping people with mental health issues by being kind and respectful, and by encouraging good values and behaviors.
Mental hygiene movement
Effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public about their mistreatment
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy that explores how unconscious thoughts and emotions influence behavior. It involves talking with a trained therapist to help uncover and understand underlying issues, often stemming from childhood experiences. The goal is to gain insight into one’s thoughts and feelings, leading to personal growth and emotional healing.
Behavioursm
Explanation of human behaviour, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaption derived from experimental psychology
Unconscious
Part of the psychic makeup that is outside the persons awareness
Catharsis
Rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy
Psychoanalytic Model
The psychoanalytic model proposes that the human mind is composed of three parts: the id (basic desires), the ego (reality-based mediator), and the superego (internalized morals). These components interact to shape personality and behavior.
Id
The part of your mind that wants what it wants, when it wants it.
Ego
The part of your mind that tries to balance what you want with what’s realistic.
Superego
The part of your mind that tells you what’s right and wrong based on rules and morals.
Intrapsychic conflict
In psychoanalysis, the struggles among the id, ego, and super ego
Psychosexual stages of development
The psychosexual stages of development are stages in childhood where kids experience different feelings related to pleasure. These stages include things like sucking, going to the bathroom, and figuring out who they are.
Neurosis/Neuroses
Old term for a psychological disorder thought to result from unconsious conflicts and the anxiety they cause
Ego psychology
Ego psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on understanding how the ego (the rational part of the mind) helps people manage their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to function effectively in the world.
Free association
Psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring
Dream analysis
Psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream contents are examined as symbolic of id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts
Psychoanalyst
Therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an M.D. or Ph.D. degree and then receiving additional specialized postdoctoral training
Transference
Psychoanalytic concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures, particularly their parents
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
how past experiences, especially from childhood and relationships, influence present behaviors, thoughts, and emotions.
Self actualizing
Process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences
Person centered therapy
Therapy method in which the client rather than the counsellor, primarily directors the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self responsibility
Unconditional positive regard
counsellor accepts and supports you without judging you, no matter what you say or do
Behavioural model
the theory that individuals’ actions and behaviors are learned
Classical conditioning
Fundamental learning process first described by Ivan Pavlov. an event that automatically elicits a response is paired with another stimulus event that does not (on neutral stimulus). after repeating pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a condition stimulus that by itself can elicit the desired response
Introspection
Reporting inner thoughts and feelings after experiencing certain stimuli
Systematic desensitization
Behavioural therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared stimulus paired with a positive coping experience.
Behaviour therapy
Behavior therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on changing specific behaviors using principles from science. It looks at behaviors, not hidden conflicts, as the main things to work on.
Reinforcement
In operant conditioning, consequences for Behavior that strengthen it or increase its frequency. positive reinforcement involves the contingent delivery of a desired consequence; negative reinforcement is the contingent escape from an aversive consequence. unwanted behaviors may result from their reinforcement, or the failure to reinforce desired behaviors
