Psych 2 Flashcards
What are the diagnostic features of bulimia nervosa
binges
compensatory weight loss behaviours - restriciting, laxatives, vomiting, exercise
overvalued idea = dread of fatness, wanting to be certain weight
BMI maintained above 17.5
What is the cause of amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa
imblance between intake and output causes imbalanc in hypothalmic regulation
decreases GnRH, LH and FSH
What medication can be used in bulimia
high dose fluoxetine
What is the management of bulimia
self help CBT first line
individual CBT-ED if no improvement
family therapy if under 18
What are the features of anorexia nervosa
deliberate and induced weight loss (BMI <17.5)
extreme fear of becoming fat
deliberate dietary restriction +- weight loss behaviours eg laxatives, exercise, vomiting
body image distortion
What are the physiological effects of starvation and how does this perpetuate anorexia
delayed gastric emptying - not wanting to eat because feel full
reduced leptin, increased restlessness - urge to be active
preoccupation with thoughts of eating and food - increased control of food
increased rigidity and obsessional thoughts - rigid rules and ritualised eating
What are the physiological features of anorexia?
hypokalaemia low FSH, LH, oestrogens and testosterone raised cortisol and growth hormone impaired glucose tolerance hypercholesterolaemia hypercarotinaemia low T3 osteopenia bradycardia hypotension enlarged salivary glands
What is the treatment of anorexia nervosa
- individual eating-disorder-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-ED)
- Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA)
- specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM).
In children and young people,’anorexia focused family therapy’ as the first-line treatment. The second-line treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy.
What is diagnostic overshadowing
once a diagnosis is made of a major condition there is a tendency to attribute all other problems to that diagnosis, thereby leaving other co-existing conditions undiagnosed
What is a behavioural phenotype
set of behaviours that are characteristic of a diagnosis
What are the features of Down’s syndrome
face: protruding tongue, small ears, round/flat face
flat occiput
single palmar crease, pronounced ‘sandal gap’ between big and first toe
hypotonia
congenital heart defects (40-50%, see below)
duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung’s disease - congenital disorder of the colon. ganglion cells are absent, causing chronic constipation.
What is Fragile X syndrome
genetic abnormality resulting in problem with synapse development
severe in boys, mild in females (presence of one normal X)
What are the features of Fragile X syndrome
learning difficulties large low set ears, long thin face, high arched palate macroorchidism hypotonia autism is more common mitral valve prolapse
What are the diagnostic features of autism
pervasive developmentalq disorder
- abnormal or impaired development
- manifests before age 3
- abnormal social interaction, communication and restricted, repetitive behaviour
What are the side effects of ECT
headache
confusion
disorientation
nausea
