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Finals > ECGs > Flashcards

ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cut off heart rate for a tachycardia?

A

100bpm

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2
Q

What is the cut off heart rate for a bradycardia?

A

50bpm

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3
Q

How long is a narrow complex tachycardia?

A

Less than 120ms

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4
Q

How long is a broad complex tachycardia?

A

Greater than 120ms

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5
Q

Give examples of a narrow complex tachycardia

A

AF
Atrial flutter
Sinus tachycardia
Re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT, AVRT)

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6
Q

Give examples of a broad complex tachycardia

A

Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia
Torsades de pointes

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7
Q

Give examples of rhythms without a p wave

A

AF
Atrial flutter
VF
VT

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8
Q

How do you recognise LAD?

A

Most positive QRS complex in lead aVL

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9
Q

How do you recognise RAD?

A

Most positive QRS in lead III or aVF

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10
Q

What does a bifid p wave mean?

A

P mitrale
= left atrial enlargement

Due to prolongation of atrial depolarisation

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11
Q

How long is the PR interval meant to be?

A

3-5 squares

= 0.12-0.2ms

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12
Q

What causes a long PR interval?

A

Heart blocks

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13
Q

How is the PR interval measured

A

Beginning of P to start of Q

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14
Q

Describe first degree heart block

A

PR interval longer than 5 squares (0.2s)

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15
Q

Describe mobitz I heart block

A

Gradual lengthening of PR interval, then p wave with no QRS complex

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16
Q

Deprive mobitz II heart block

A

Long PR interval with dropped QRS complexes

17
Q

Describe third degree heart block

A

No relationship between P and QRS

18
Q

State the system for descibnig ECGs

A 
name, correct recording
rate
rhythm
axis
p waves
PR interval
QRS complex
ST segment
T waves
19
Q

How do you calculate the rate on an ECG

A

300/no of large squares in R-R interval

OR

6 x no of QRS complexes

20
Q

What can cause right axis deviation

A

right ventricular hypertrophy

21
Q

What can cause left axis deviation

A

LBBB
left anterior hemiblock
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome* - right-sided accessory pathway
hyperkalaemia

22
Q

what can cause a shortened PR interval

A

if the p wave originates closer to the AVN

accessory pathway

23
Q

What is R wave progression

A

S wave > R wave in leads V1-V3

changes to S wave < R wave in lead V4 in healthy heart

24
Q

What is the ST segment

A

end of S to start of T

25
Q

What causes tall T waves

A

hyperkalaemia

hyperacute STEMI

26
Q

what causes inverted T waves

A

ischaemia
bundle branch block
PE
left ventricular hypertrophy

27
Q

What can cause poor R wave progression

A

old MI
LBBB
LVH
WPW

Finals (32 decks)

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