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PSYC*2360 > PSYC*2360 Chapter 5: Qualitative Research > Flashcards

PSYC*2360 Chapter 5: Qualitative Research Flashcards

1
Q

Are methodologies that focus on obtaining an in-depth account of participants’ perspective on a topic known as qualitative or quantitative?

A

Qualitative

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2
Q

T or F: Quantitative research favours studying participants on naturally occurring settings.

A

False. Qualitative favours naturalistic observation.

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3
Q

In qualitative research, are statistics typically used to test hypotheses?

A

No

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4
Q

In qualitative research, are statistics typically used to describe phenomenons?

A

Yes

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5
Q

T or F: In qualitative studies, predictions are not often made.

A

True

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6
Q

Why do qualitative measures typically have fewer concerns related to validity and accuracy of conclusions?

A

Because participants are able to clarify what they mean and correct misinterpretations

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7
Q

What is member-checking/response validation?

A

Recontacting participants to get their input on how their responses were coded and add credibility to the information

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8
Q

Are methodologies that seek to objectively examine associations between variables, predict outcomes, and make comparisons known as qualitative or quantitative?

A

Quantitative

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9
Q

T or F: A general goal of qualitative research is to extend conclusions to others.

A

False. Generalization is a goal of quantitative research.

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10
Q

What is mixed methods research?

A

A blend of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine a research question from multiple perspectives

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11
Q

What is triangulation?

A

A research strategy that involves using multiple techniques and/or samples to assess the same information and provide a more comprehensive examination

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12
Q

What is reflexivity?

A

A practice in which the researcher monitors ad records their role in data collection continuously throughout the study

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13
Q

T or F: Qualitative research encourages reflexivity.

A

True

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14
Q

Does a bottom-up design involve using an inductive or deductive approach?

A

Inductive

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15
Q

When a researcher develops a theory by exploring a topic using information from participants’ direct experiences, are they using a top-down or bottom-up approach?

A

Bottom-up

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16
Q

Does qualitative research typically employ a top-down or bottom-up approach?

A

Bottom-up

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17
Q

Does a top-down design involve using an inductive or deductive approach?

A

Deductive

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18
Q

When a researcher tests preconceptions and previously established theories by collecting data, are they using a top-down or bottom-up approach?

A

Top-down

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19
Q

What is a situated analysis?

A

Involves examining a topic while it’s embedded within its naturally occurring context

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20
Q

T or F: Qualitative research strives to provide situated analyses.

A

True

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21
Q

What is a holistic analysis?

A

Involves examining how numerous properties contribute to patterns within the larger and more complex system

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22
Q

In using a phenomenological approach, what do researcher hope to understand?

A

A human experience and the meaning of experiences based on how those involved view that situation

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23
Q

What is archival data?

A

Data that have already been collected in naturally occurring settings

24
Q

What is a focus group?

A

A data collection format where several participants gather to discuss a topic

25
Q

What is a comprehensive description of a specific organization, group, or person studies over a period of time referred to as?

A

A case study

26
Q

What are six types of case studies?

A
  • Collective/multiple
  • Descriptive
  • Explanatory
  • Exploratory
  • Instrumental
  • Intrinsic
27
Q

What is a collective case study?

A

A comparison of multiple case studies

28
Q

What is a descriptive case study?

A

A case study that seeks information about how interventions operate in real-life context

29
Q

What is an explanatory case study?

A

A case study that focuses on the reasons why an intervention produces a certain outcome

30
Q

What is an exploratory case study?

A

A case study that seeks to outline potential outcomes of an intervention

31
Q

What is an instrumental case study?

A

A case study that is designed to serve a specific purpose or as an example of a particular issue

32
Q

What is an intrinsic case study?

A

A case study in which the researcher has direct interest in a particular case

33
Q

What type of design uses detailed and long-term observations or interactions to situate a phenomenon in the proper cultural context of those being studied?

A

Ethnography

34
Q

What is visual ethnography?

A

A type of ethnography that combines observations and interactions with visual media like photos or videos

35
Q

What is a narrative analysis?

A

An examination of first-person stories or descriptions of one’s life

36
Q

What type of research design explicitly involves participants and tries to change some aspect of the research’s focus?

A

Action research

37
Q

What is a postmodern approach?

A

A research approach that explicitly questions basic assumptions about nature and the capabilities of research

38
Q

T or F: The most valued interview questions are typically long, but provoke short answers.

A

False. The most valued questions are typically short, but provoke long answers.

39
Q

What are the three main types of interviews?

A
  • Structured interviews
  • Unstructured interviews
  • Semi structured interviews
40
Q

In which type of interview are specific questions asked in a standardized, fixed order with little to no probing?

A

Structured interviews

41
Q

Which type of interview is typically used for quantitative approaches?

A

Structured interviews

42
Q

In which type of interview are potential topics anticipated, but no specific questions are planned?

A

Unstructured interviews

43
Q

Which type of interview is typically used for qualitative approaches?

A

Unstructured interviews

44
Q

In which type of interview are some questions and portions of the order preplanned, but the interviewer can ask additional questions to encourage elaboration?

A

Semi-structured interviews

45
Q

Which type of interview often incorporates a critical incident technique?

A

Semi-structured interviews

46
Q

What is a critical incident technique?

A

Involves asking the participant to focus on a specific event or behaviour

47
Q

What is a unit of analysis in an interview?

A

The major entity under investigation or the type of data that is the focus of the study

48
Q

What are the four main steps involved in the typical procedure for conducting an interview?

A
  • State purpose
  • Identify potential participants
  • Determine the questions being asked
  • Determine the order of the questions
49
Q

What is interview bias?

A

When the interview influences participant responses

50
Q

What is an interview schedule/ interview agenda?

A

A type of protocol that includes questions to ask and the order they should be asked in

51
Q

Should sensitive or difficult questions be asked at the beginning or end of an interview?

A

The end once rapport has been established

52
Q

An analysis technique involving examination of natural dialogue patterns and features like turn-taking, gaze direction, and speech sequence is known as what?

A

A conversation analysis

53
Q

The systematic analysis of interview content, involving the organization and summary of the substance of communication, is known as what?

A

A content analysis

54
Q

What are the three steps involved in developing a coding scheme?

A
  • Review data and identify major concepts
  • Arrange concepts into groups of themes that highlight associations between categories
  • Pick a core concept to tie together the various concepts
55
Q

What is the grounded theory technique?

A

An approach where the researcher doesn’t have any explicit theories or hypotheses to test prior to research

56
Q

Is the grounded theory technique typically used to perform a content analysis or a conversation analysis?

A

Content analysis

57
Q

Is the grounded theory technique an inductive or deductive method?

A

Inductive

PSYC*2360 (7 decks)

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