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PSYC*2360 > PSYC*2360 Chapter 11: Factorial Design > Flashcards

PSYC*2360 Chapter 11: Factorial Design Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used to describe the description of a hypothetical situation, event, or scenario to which participants react?

A

Vignette

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2
Q

When are vignettes especially useful?

A

When studying situations that can’t be recreated in a lab due to practical or ethical reasons

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3
Q

T or F: Vignettes provide a great deal of experimental control

A

True

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4
Q

What are factors also known as?

A

Independent variables

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5
Q

What is a factorial design?

A

An experimental design that has more than one independent variable

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6
Q

When looking at the notation of a factorial design, what does the amount of numbers indicate?

A

How many independent variables the design includes

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7
Q

When looking at the notation of a factorial design, what does the value of each number indicate?

A

How many levels/conditions each independent variable has

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8
Q

When looking at the notation of a factorial design, what can be determined by multiplying the levels of the independent variables?

A

The number of treatment conditions needed

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9
Q

How many possible outcomes are there for a 2x2 factorial design?

A

8

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10
Q

T of F: In their most basic form, factorial designs are not true experiments.

A

False

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11
Q

Are all independent variables in factorial designs within-subjects or between-subjects?

A

Between-subjects

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12
Q

What happens if any one of the independent variables in a factorial design is switched to be within-subjects?

A

It is no longer a factorial design, and is considered a mixed design

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13
Q

What is a hybrid design?

A

Any factorial design with at least one quasi-independent variable

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14
Q

T or F: Hybrid designs limit the causal conclusions that can be made.

A

True

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15
Q

What are four benefits of factorial designs?

A
  • Able to determine causation
  • More efficient than conducting multiple two-group designs
  • Results more closely approximate everyday lives
  • Allows for the determination of potential interactions
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16
Q

What is an interaction in a factorial design?

A

When the effect of an IV changes at different levels of another IV

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17
Q

In an interaction, is the result an effect that is the same as or different from the average of the main effects?

A

Different from

18
Q

In a factorial design, what is the opposite of an interaction?

A

An additive effect

19
Q

What is an additive effect in a factorial design?

A

When the effect of combined IVs is the same as the sum of thier separate effects

20
Q

What is the difference between a main effect hypothesis and an interaction effect hypothesis?

A
  • Main effect: predictions about the effect of only one IV on the DV at a time (ignoring all other IVs)
  • Interaction effect: predictions about how the levels of one IV will combine with another IV to impact the DV beyond the sum of their separate main effects
21
Q

How many main effect hypotheses are there in a factorial design?

A

As many as there are independent variables

22
Q

How many interaction effect hypotheses are there in a factorial design?

A

As many as there are combinations of independent variables

23
Q

T or F: The main effect and interaction hypotheses are dependent on one another.

A

False

24
Q

What is a crossover interaction?

A

When the influence of one IV on the other reverses across levels of that other IV

25
Q

What are crossover interactions also known as?

A

Disordinal interactions

26
Q

What is an ordinal interaction?

A

When one IV has an influence on a particular level of the IV, but not all of its levels

27
Q

Which statistical test allows for simultaneous testing of how separate nominal or categorical IVs influence the DV, and how those IVs interact to influence the DV?

A

A two-way ANOVA

28
Q

What is a two-way ANOVA also known as?

A

A factorial ANOVA

29
Q

In a 2x2 factorial design, what can a two-way ANOVA be compared to?

A

The combination of two independent samples t-tests with the bonus of providing information about the interaction between the two IVs

30
Q

In a 2x3 factorial design, what can a two-way ANOVA be compared to?

A

The combination of an independent samples t-test with a one-way ANOVA

31
Q

What does a two-way ANOVA test for?

A

Any statistically significant main or interaction effects

32
Q

What is a cell mean?

A

The average of the DV for each combination of IV levels

33
Q

When testing for an interaction in a factorial design, are the cell means or marginal means used?

A

Cell means

34
Q

In a two-way ANOVA, what is examined to understand how the IVs interact or combine to influence the DV?

A

The pattern of cell means

35
Q

What is the marginal mean?

A

The average of all participants on one level of the IV (ignoring other IVs)

36
Q

When testing for a main effect in a factorial design, are the cell means or marginal means used?

A

Marginal means

37
Q

When presenting the findings from a two-way ANOVA, what are the two values in the parentheses that follow F (F(X, Y)=)?

A
  • X= Between-subjects degrees of freedom
  • Y= Within-subjects defrees of freedom
38
Q

When presenting the finding from a two-way ANOVA, what does eta^2 represent?

A

The calculated effect size

39
Q

When evaluating interactions, what are the two common ways variables combine?

A
  • Synergistic effect
  • Suppression effect
40
Q

What is a synergistic effect?

A

An effect where two variables combine to produce an outcome greater than what each individual variable contributes

41
Q

What is a suppression effect?

A

An effect where two variables combine to produce an outcome smaller than what each individual variable contributes

PSYC*2360 (13 decks)

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