Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC*2330 > PSYC*2330 Chapter 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behaviour > Flashcards

PSYC*2330 Chapter 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

A reduction of a learned response due to the omission of the US or reinforcer is referred to as what?

A

Extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In classical conditioning, what does extinction involve?

A

Repeated presentations of the CS without the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does extinction of an S-O association stem from classical conditioning or instrumental conditioning?

A

Classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In instrumental conditioning, what does extinction involve?

A

No longer reinforcing the instrumental response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does extinction of an R-O association stem from classical conditioning or instrumental conditioning?

A

Instrumental conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is extinction functionally important?

A

It allows a learned behaviour to change and adjust to environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F: Not many reinforcement schedules are in effect forever.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is extinction an active or passive process?

A

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F: Extinction occurs due to forgetting.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is forgetting

A

A decline in responding due to the passage of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T or F: When forgetting, non-reinforcement is required to cause a decline in responding.

A

False. Non-reinforcement of the CS/instrumental response is not required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is forgetting an active or passive process?

A

Passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of extinction procedure involves repeatedly showing a fearful cue in a nonthreatening or safe environment?

A

Exposure therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The inability to extinguish fear memories is a key feature of what disorder?

A

PTSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T or F: Virtual reality technology can be used for exposure therapy.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two basic behavioural effects of extinction?

A
  • A decrease in the target response
  • An increase in response variability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the extinction burst?

A

When the removal of a reinforcer causes a short-term increase in responding before the response rate decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What emotional reaction is induced by withdrawal of an expected reinforcer?

A

Frustration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F: In extinction procedures, frustration often energizes behaviour.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In extinction procedures, when is aggression most likely?

A

Early in the extinction period, but subsides thereafter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T or F: The decrease in behaviour observed in extinction is opposite of what occurs during acquisition.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T or F: Extinction reverses/eliminates the effects of acquisition.

A

False. Extinction does not reverse or eliminate the effects of acquisition.

23
Q

What are four ways that an extinguished response can reappear?

A
  • Spontaneous recovery
  • Renewal
  • Reinstatement
  • Resurgence
24
Q

What is spontaneous recovery?

A

The reappearance of an extinguished response caused by the passage of time

25
Q

What is the critical factor in procedures of spontaneous recovery?

A

Introducing a period of rest between the end of extinction training and assessments of responding

26
Q

What is renewal?

A

The recovery of an extinguished response due to a change in context

27
Q

Why is extinction disrupted by a change in context, as seen in the renewal effect?

A

Memory of extinction is context-specific, and when cues change between the extinction phase and the testing phase, the retrieval of the memory of extinction is disrupted

28
Q

Does the original acquisition performance generalize between contexts more or less easily than the acquisition of extinction performance?

A

Original acquisition generalizes easier than extinction

29
Q

Why can spontaneous recovery be viewed as a form of renewal?

A

Spontaneous recovery can be thought of as being caused by a temporal shift in context

30
Q

What is reinstatement?

A

The recovery of an extinguished response when re-exposed to the original US or reinforcer

31
Q

Drug relapse precipitated by re-contact with an abused drug is an example of what type of reinstatement?

A

Stress-induced reinstatement

32
Q

What is stress-induced reinstatement?

A

The reinstatement of an extinguished response due to stress

33
Q

What is cue-induced reinstatement?

A

The reinstatement of an extinguished response caused by exposure to a cue previously associated with the US

34
Q

What is resurgence?

A

The reappearance of an extinguished response caused by the extinction of another response

35
Q

What are the two different responses involved in resurgence?

A
  • Response 1 is initially conditioned, then extinguished
  • Response
36
Q

What are 7 ways to enhance extinction?

A
  • The number of extinction trials
  • The spacing of extinction trials
  • The timing of extinction trails
  • Repeated extinction/test cycles
  • Extinction in multiple contexts
  • Extinction retrieval cues
  • Compound extinction
37
Q

Is a more profound decrease in conditioned responding produced by a larger or smaller amount of extinction trials?

A

A larger number of trials produces a more profound decrease in responding

38
Q

To produce a more rapid decrement in responding, are massed or spaced extinction trials recommended?

A

Massed

39
Q

Is spontaneous recovery and/or renewal more likely when massed or spaced extinction trials are used?

A

Massed

40
Q

What results in a more rapid loss of conditioned behaviour, conducting extinction trials immediately after acquisition or delaying extinction?

A

Conducting extinctions trials immediately after acquisition

41
Q

Is spontaneous recovery and/or renewal more likely when extinction trials are conducted immediately after acquisition, or when there is a delay between acquisition and extinction?

A

More likely when extinction is conducted immediately after acquisition

42
Q

In terms of memory consolidation, why are immediate extinction trials said to be more effective than delayed extinction trials?

A

By introducing extinction immediately, the memory of acquisition won’t be fully consolidated and is thus more susceptible to change by the extinction procedures

43
Q

T or F: Extinction needs to happen immediately after a fear response for expose therapy to be effective.

A

False

44
Q

With repeated extinction/test cycles, what pattern is observed in spontaneous recovery rates?

A

After each extinction/test cycle, less spontaneous recovery occurs

45
Q

Does repeating the extinction/test cycle reduce or promote the reappearance of extinguished behaviour?

A

Reduces the reappearance of extinguished behaviour

46
Q

Conduction extinction in multiple contexts can reduce, or even eliminate, what effect?

A

The renewal effect

47
Q

Does introducing cues present during extinction training enhance or impede extinction performance?

A

Extinction retrieval cues enhance extinction performance

48
Q

How might extinction cues reduce the renewal effect?

A

By reactivating cues associated with the extinction context in a new context

49
Q

Does presenting two stimuli during extinction strengthen or weaken the extinction of those cues?

A

Strengthen/deepen extinction

50
Q

T or F: Compound extinction prevents spontaneous recovery of an element.

A

True

51
Q

The effectiveness of compounding cues suggests that extinction operates in part by an error-correction process similar to which model of classical conditioning?

A

The Rescorla-Wagner model

52
Q

How can the prediction error be increased in an extinction trial when no reinforcer is presented?

A

By compounding two conditioned stimuli

53
Q

Why is it more effective to have a larger prediction error in an extinction trial?

A

Because it will induce greater surprise and correction, leading to a greater reduction in responding

PSYC*2330 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions