PSYC 106 exam 2 Flashcards
Stereotaxic surgery
Anatomy; Allows us to target a very specific location in the brain using 3D coordinates. Stereotaxic Atlas. Looking at rat brains
Tract tracing
Anatomy; inject agent at a specific location in brain, neurons filled with florescent dye
MRI
Anatomy; Magnetic resonance imaging uses the interaction between radio waves and magnetic field to get an image of the inside of the brain
DTI
Anatomy; Diffusion Tensor Imaging changes the direction of water molecules to rotate and show the fiber tracts and dense brain matter
Inbreeding
Genetic; Inbred lines produce animals that are nearly genetically identical to each other. Identical genetics allows researches to reduce variability
Outbreeding
Genetic; Produce animals that are not genetically identical. Allows researchers to maintain genetic diversity in the desired population. Helps to investigate brain behavior and disease
Selective breeding
Genetic
Animal models
Genetic; Transgenic (make mice express certain genes), or knock-in/knock-out a gene
Lesion
Functional; Use old tools to kill a part of the brain
EEGs
Functional; electrical activity recorded from macro electrodes
PET and fMRI
Functional; detecting levels of oxygen and blood vessels in parts of the brain
Chemical control
Neural activity control; Infuse drugs into the brain through the cannula
Electrical control
Neural activity control; Send current through neurons to fire action potential
Optic control/optogenetics
Neural activity control; Turn on specific cells/neurons with artificial light (CHR2 Fires action potential, NpHR stops action potential)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Neural activity control; Control activity in human cortical regions
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Neural activity control; Implant electrodes in specific parts of brain (most popular)
Sensory neurons
Physical response that turns into a chemical/electrical signal, communication
Labeled line theory
Information is kept apart and stays in one lane. An isolated path
Combinatorial theory
Pattern of different receptors. Combination of different sensory neurons gives rise to perception
Temporal coding
The rate and pattern of action potentials in neurons give different types of information
Olfactory epithelium
Smell is a chemical that binds with a G-protein (one molecule)
Unique receptors (olfactory)
Unique instructions that align with unique genes. Each odorant receptor has its own odorant receptor AND those are metabotropic (G-protein) receptors
Olfactory Glomeruli
Receptive field; Areas full of axons that are connected to only one type of molecule receptor. Synapses into a mitral cell (output)
Combinatorial processing of olfactory perception
