PSY2001 SEMESTER 1 - WEEK 10 Flashcards
define pro-health/environmental behaviour
purposeful action or behaviour that can reduce negative impact on health or behaviour
what types of social influences can influence pro-health and environmental behaviour engagement
modelling, social norm, social facilitation, group pressure, social support
Larsen carried out experimental research for modelling alcohol intake, outline their method, and results
confed ordered first and drank either
2 fizzy drinks (control)
1 alcohol drink, 2 fizzy drinks (light drinking)
3/4 alcohol drinks (heavy drinking)
DV= alcohol consumed
those in heacy cdn consume signif more alcohol than in control/light
evaluate research into modelling alcohol intake
high ecological validity (naturalistic setting)
not generalisable to non-students
what research supported behaviours can be influenced via modelling
eating behaviours (choice and intake)
sun protective behaviour
smoking
name 2 factors that impact how affected we are from social influence
high need for social acceptance due to lower self-esteem, high empathy
body weight (greater modeling if similar weight to model)
name 3 explanations for social modelling
social approval
informational influence
automatic mimicry
explain social approval as explanation for social modelling
conformity to social model is more pronounced when concerns about affiliation are increased
outline informational influence as explanation for social modelling
accurate decision making (other provides point of reference for appropriate behaviours)
outline automatic mimicry as explanation for social modelling
mimic and conform to those with whom we identify, communicating liking and desire to affiliate
explain descriptive social norms
“is” norm
describe 1 group, distinguish it from other groups, perception on what others tend to do
explain injunctive social norms
“ought to”
perception of what others approve of
what are prescriptive social norms
how we should behave
focus on what others do, encouraged to do or approve of doing
what are proscriptive (prohibitive) social norms
focus on what others don’t do and discouraged from doing
an example of combination of what social norms
“majority of people living in Sheffield think that at least 35% of household waste should be recycled”
descriptive and prescriptive
an example of combination of what social norms
“most people agree that drinking in moderation is responsible choice to stay safe and healthy. Do not exceed recommened weekly limit of 14 units, as excessive drinking can harm your health”
injunctive and proscriptive
an example of combination of what social norms
“What social norms are reflected in the message: Recycling is a responsible practice, which helps to protect the environment. Place all recyclable materials in the designated bins every week”
injunctive and prescriptive
an example of combination of what social norms
“What social norms are reflected in the following message: Most students at our university do not consume more than 10 units of alcohol per week.”
descriptive and proscriptive
define social norm marketing
single factual message documenting high incidence of some desirable behaviour to all or at least many members of a group
define personalised normative feedback
aims its message at individuals, providing them with info about themselves as well as their peers
eg; you said you drink 10 drinks per week and think typical student drinks 15. actual averages are 4.6 drinks, so you drink more than 80% other college students
explain the impact of descriptive norms message on an example pro-enviornmental behaioru
descriptive norm message increased towel reuse compared to control
outline research into if descriptive norms messages can reduce intention to down drinks
- no message
- campaign only
- descriptive norm message (65% students at this uni don’t down drink)
- campaign + descriptive norm
sensible drinking campaign with descriptive norm message reduce intention
give 1 strength ofresearch into descriptive norm message studies into downing drinks
experimental design so can establish effect of descriptive norms
give 1 limitation of research into descriptive norm message studies into downing drinks
measure intention, not actual behaviour
no data on their actual alcohol intake
small convenience sample
no baseline data on attitude/consumptions
outline research into descriptive norm message to encourage choosing sustainable diets at uni
pre/post-intervention design using descriptive messages at 3 uni food outlets
DV=amount of veggie/meat purchase
no signif diff found, aligining with other findings of descriptive social norm not always being effective
outline research for personalised normative feedback (injunctive norms messages) onto suncream use
measure intention and attitude, then self-repored protection measures post-intervention and 4-week post
perception of others perceiving tanned skin as positive was oversestimated, perception on support to use suncream underestimated
immediate post test, those in injunctive norm condition reported higher intention>control
4 week follow up, still had stronger intention >controls
what is a frame of reference, referring to social norm
using others behaviour to guide own behaviour
what type of social influence explains why descriptive norms are effective, and in which situations
informational influence
guiding us on appropriate way to act, tend to be more effective in unfamiliar/ambiguous situation
what type of social influence explains why injunctive norms are effective, and in which situations
social approval as enables affiliation with social group
define boomerang effect
unintended negative consequences of social norm messages
engagement in target desired beh reduce for some individuals after social norm message intervention
name 2 reasons that boomerang effects occur
- realise undesirable behaviour more common
- if engaging, reduce to avoid being sucker for freerider, or appearing foolish
outline boomerang effect that was found for energy households research
half received descriptive norm message, half received this with smiley/unhappy emoji (injunctive norm) if high/low energy user
found boomerang in those initially low user, no boomerang for high user who then reduced energy usage
how can boomerang effects be avoided?
message framing: praising those engaging in behaviour, not risk resentment
target only those not engaging ina desired behaviour
outline group membership impact for influence of group norms
stronger when identifying with referent group
explains reactance against group norms, if norm made salient is from undesirable outgroup
name theoretical approaches behind pro health, and pro environmental behaviours
ToPB
focus theory of normative conduct
theory of normative behaviour
what is focus theory of normative conduct
motives for conforming includes informational, social approval, positive self-image
what is theory of normative behaviour
influence of descriptive norms is moderated by injunctive norms, group membership, behaviour identification, outcome expectations
how can boomerang effect be buffered, by add what?
adding injunctive components
