PSY2001 SEMESTER 1 - WEEK 1 Flashcards
give examples of non-experimental research
archival, case study, qualitative research, surveys, field
what are evidence-based interventions in social psychology
based on social psych theories, aiming to change thought, feeling, behaviour to improve societal outcomes
effectiveness of intervention evidenced before implemented on large scale, best evaluated by experimental designs
how can evidence-based interventions be tested using RCT
random assignment to reduce allocation bias
measure outcome at follow up
differences in outcome can be attributed to intervention
how are RCT’s reported
using standardised guidelines = CONSORT
allows replication and find us in policy/practice, comparison to other RCTs
what does CONSORT stand for
consolidated standards of reporting trials
name the 17 UN sustainable development goals
- no poverty
- zero hunger
- good health and wellbeing
- quality education
- gender equality
- clean water and sanitation
- affordable and clean energy
- decent work and economic growth
- industry, innovation and infrastructure
- reduced inequalities
- sustainable cities and communities
- responsible consumption and production
- climate action
- life below water
- life on land
- peace, justice and strong institutions
- partnership for the goals
what do a review do
collate and synthesise methods and findings of multiple research studies on same topic (and are peer reviewed)
name 3 types of review
- narrative/literature reviews
- systematic reviews
- meta-analyses
what are narrative (literature) reviews
provide overview of current knowledge on general topic, intro, separate sub-headings per theme
no methods/result, what is included based on researcher judgement, no new analysis, similar to essay
what are systematic reviews
well-defined and precise RQ, usually only 1 primary author
medical science
include intro, methods, result, discussion (result interpretations)
strict inclusion, exclusion criteria, clearly defined article searches so can be reproduced, described systematic research strategy, assess research study quality
no new analysis
what is a meta-analysis
same as systematic review but quantifies magnitude effect = new analysis
combine statistical results, iron out inconsistency
provide strongest + most reliable evidence, settle divergence between conflicting evidence, allow new hypothesis, explore reasons for controversy
handle questions with broader influences
give an example of how meta-analysis can handle questions with broader influences
(eg: effect of disease on several populations across world by comparing other modest research studies from specific country)
which type of review studies magnitude
meta-analysis, quantifies magnitude of effect across all study
which type of review provides strongest, most reliable evidence, why
meta-analysis, settle divergence between conflicting study, allowing new hypothesis, explore rasons for controversy
what does a lit review NOT include
methods, result, no new analysis
what are systematic reviews often for and what do they include
medical science
strict inclusion, exclusion criteria, defined article search criteria, intro, method, results, discussion
why are systematic reviews important
combine and synthesis various study findings, appraise validity of results and findings in an impartial way, define clear objectives + reproducible methodologies
why are meta-analyses important
improve precision about evidence, as many too small to provide convincing data
settle divergence, formally assess conflicting results to find new hypothesis
apply social psychology to COVID - what became apparent
risk and threat perception, prejudice, discrimination, altruism (selfless concern of others wellbeing), social norms, stress, wellbeing, health behaviour
how did COVID impact social psych
social distancing so most of evidence online surveys
outline Buckland (2021) study of sweet snacks in COVID
intake for high energy snacks
- high stress, boredom, loneliness, closer proximities found online survey showed lower craving controls and low cognitive restraint predicted increased snacking
provide hierarchy of evidence from lowest risk of bias to highest
- RCT
- cohort study
- case-control study
- cross-sectional study, survey
- case report, case study
- mechanistic study
- editorials, expert opinion
provide hierarchy of evidence from lowest quality to the highest
- editorials, expert opinion
2.mechanistic study
3.case report, case study - cross-sectional study, survey
- case-control study
- cohort study
- RCT
