PSY2001 SEMESTER 1 - WEEK 1

Question 1

give examples of non-experimental research

Answer 1

archival, case study, qualitative research, surveys, field

Question 2

what are evidence-based interventions in social psychology

Answer 2

based on social psych theories, aiming to change thought, feeling, behaviour to improve societal outcomes
effectiveness of intervention evidenced before implemented on large scale, best evaluated by experimental designs

Question 3

how can evidence-based interventions be tested using RCT

Answer 3

random assignment to reduce allocation bias
measure outcome at follow up
differences in outcome can be attributed to intervention

Question 4

how are RCT’s reported

Answer 4

using standardised guidelines = CONSORT
allows replication and find us in policy/practice, comparison to other RCTs

Question 5

what does CONSORT stand for

Answer 5

consolidated standards of reporting trials

Question 6

name the 17 UN sustainable development goals

Answer 6

1. no poverty
2. zero hunger
3. good health and wellbeing
4. quality education
5. gender equality
6. clean water and sanitation
7. affordable and clean energy
8. decent work and economic growth
9. industry, innovation and infrastructure
10. reduced inequalities
11. sustainable cities and communities
12. responsible consumption and production
13. climate action
14. life below water
15. life on land
16. peace, justice and strong institutions
17. partnership for the goals

Question 7

what do a review do

Answer 7

collate and synthesise methods and findings of multiple research studies on same topic (and are peer reviewed)

Question 8

name 3 types of review

Answer 8

1. narrative/literature reviews
2. systematic reviews
3. meta-analyses

Question 9

what are narrative (literature) reviews

Answer 9

provide overview of current knowledge on general topic, intro, separate sub-headings per theme
no methods/result, what is included based on researcher judgement, no new analysis, similar to essay

Question 10

what are systematic reviews

Answer 10

well-defined and precise RQ, usually only 1 primary author
medical science
include intro, methods, result, discussion (result interpretations)
strict inclusion, exclusion criteria, clearly defined article searches so can be reproduced, described systematic research strategy, assess research study quality
no new analysis

Question 11

what is a meta-analysis

Answer 11

same as systematic review but quantifies magnitude effect = new analysis
combine statistical results, iron out inconsistency
provide strongest + most reliable evidence, settle divergence between conflicting evidence, allow new hypothesis, explore reasons for controversy
handle questions with broader influences

Question 12

give an example of how meta-analysis can handle questions with broader influences

Answer 12

(eg: effect of disease on several populations across world by comparing other modest research studies from specific country)

Question 13

which type of review studies magnitude

Answer 13

meta-analysis, quantifies magnitude of effect across all study

Question 14

which type of review provides strongest, most reliable evidence, why

Answer 14

meta-analysis, settle divergence between conflicting study, allowing new hypothesis, explore rasons for controversy

Question 15

what does a lit review NOT include

Answer 15

methods, result, no new analysis

Question 16

what are systematic reviews often for and what do they include

Answer 16

medical science
strict inclusion, exclusion criteria, defined article search criteria, intro, method, results, discussion

Question 17

why are systematic reviews important

Answer 17

combine and synthesis various study findings, appraise validity of results and findings in an impartial way, define clear objectives + reproducible methodologies

Question 18

why are meta-analyses important

Answer 18

improve precision about evidence, as many too small to provide convincing data
settle divergence, formally assess conflicting results to find new hypothesis

Question 19

apply social psychology to COVID - what became apparent

Answer 19

risk and threat perception, prejudice, discrimination, altruism (selfless concern of others wellbeing), social norms, stress, wellbeing, health behaviour

Question 20

how did COVID impact social psych

Answer 20

social distancing so most of evidence online surveys

Question 21

outline Buckland (2021) study of sweet snacks in COVID

Answer 21

intake for high energy snacks
- high stress, boredom, loneliness, closer proximities found online survey showed lower craving controls and low cognitive restraint predicted increased snacking

Question 22

provide hierarchy of evidence from lowest risk of bias to highest

Answer 22

1. RCT
2. cohort study
3. case-control study
4. cross-sectional study, survey
5. case report, case study
6. mechanistic study
7. editorials, expert opinion

Question 23

provide hierarchy of evidence from lowest quality to the highest

Answer 23

1. editorials, expert opinion
   2.mechanistic study
   3.case report, case study
2. cross-sectional study, survey
3. case-control study
4. cohort study
5. RCT