PSY CHP.16 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychologists and psychiatrists often blank on the
best route for treatment of mental disorders

A

disagree

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2
Q

Blank treatments
– Involve use of drugs, electroconvulsive therapy
(ECT), brain surgery or other methods that affect
body or brain chemistry
– Can be effective, because many disorders have a
biological basis

A

Biological

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3
Q

Biological Treatments - Concerns
* Are you treating the problem or just symptoms?
* Some effects overstated due to blank bias
* Is there a blank effect?
– Meta-analysis indicates for some drugs placebo blank effective
– This doesn’t mean drugs are ineffective, just that
they may not be actually doing what they claim to
be doing.
* Often used instead of costlier, but more effective
non-drug options

A

publication/placebo/equally

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4
Q

Biological Treatments - Concerns
* Increasing blank-label prescription
* Side effects may feel worse than the disorder symptoms
– Especially bad with Lithium and antipsychotics, leading to high blank and blank rates
– Long-term effects
* A
* D
* T d

A

off/relapse/dropout/Addiction/Diabetes/Tardive dyskinesia

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5
Q

Biological Treatments
Blank Moniz’ method
– Won 1949 Nobel Prize

A

Antonio

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5
Q

Blank lobotomy
* Destroys or separates parts of the frontal lobes
* Stops strong emotional reactions, leads to blank affect
* Also can interfere with other frontal lobe functions –
planning, socially appropriate behavior
* 18,000 conducted 1939-51

A

Frontal/flat

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6
Q

Biological Treatments
*Blank Therapy (ECT)
– Used in cases of severe major
depression
– Ineffective for other conditions
– Initiated by Ugo Cerletti in 1937
– Produces blank amnesia for the
procedure itself
– Widely used today (100,000+ / year)
– Criticized as a tool more of control
than treatment

A

Electroconvulsive/retrograde

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7
Q

Antipsychotic Drugs
* Block or reduce sensitivity of brain receptors that
respond to blank
* Some increase levels of serotonin, a
neurotransmitter that inhibits dopamine activity
* Can relieve blank symptoms of schizophrenia but
are ineffective for or even worsen blank
symptoms
* Side effects include weight gain, blank
* Increasingly prescribed off-label (e.g. blank)

A

dopamine/positive/negative/diabetes/Seroquel

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8
Q

Antidepressants
*Blank oxidase inhibitors (Nardil, Parnate)
– Elevate norepinephrine / serotonin in brain by
blocking an enzyme that deactivates them
*Blank antidepressants (Elavil, Tofranil)
– Boost norepinephrine and serotonin in brain by
preventing normal reuptake of these substances
* Selective blank reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
– Also inhibit re-uptake of serotonin to boost levels
– Examples – Blank, Zoloft, Paxil

A

Monoamine/Tricyclic/serotonin/Prozac

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9
Q

Anti-Anxiety (Tranquilizers)
* Developed for treatment of anxiety
– Increase levels of Blank-aminobutyric acid
(GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter
– Developed for shorter-term use, with high relapse
rates when people stop taking them
– Often overprescribed by general physicians for
patients who complain of any mood problems
* Overprescription or long-term use can lead to blank
– Examples – valium, blank

A

gamma/addiction/xanax

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10
Q

Blank Therapy
* Uses various techniques to explore the unconscious
as a route to identifying and solving problems
– Dream analysis
– Free Blank
* A method of uncovering unconscious conflicts
by saying freely whatever comes to mind
– Blank
* A critical step in which the client transfers
unconscious emotions or reactions onto
therapist (e.g. conflicts about parents)

A

Psychodynamic/Association/Transference

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11
Q

Blank Methods
* Apply principles and techniques of classical and
operant conditioning to help people change self
defeating or problematic behaviors
* Examples
–Blank desensitization
– Behavioral Blank-monitoring (e.g. via diaries)
– Blank conditioning – punishing undesirable
behaviors

A

Behavioral/Systematic/self/Aversive

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12
Q

Blank Therapy
* Aim is to have people identify and understand Blank thought patterns, then change them to improve their life
– Albert Ellis’s Blank-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT):
therapist and client actively challenge existing beliefs
– Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy examines interconnection of thoughts, feelings and behaviors
*Blank-behavioral therapy is an blank approach, with
a goal of using behavioral methods to change cognitions
* Helps build self blank
* Self blank methods, such as self-talk, can help
restructure cognitive habits over time

A

Cognitive/maladaptive/Rational/Cognitive/integrative/efficacy/instructional

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13
Q

Blank Therapy
* Blank therapy emphasizes people’s free will to
change
* Blank- / Person-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers)
– Emphasizes empathy with client, seeing the world
as client does, Blank Positive Regard
* Therapist may rephrase / repeats back what the
client is saying via blank listening, to guide
toward insight
* Often is blank, with the goal that the client
should solve the problems him/herself

A

Humanistic/Client/Unconditional/reflective/nondirective

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14
Q

Blank-System Perspective
– Therapy with individuals or families that focuses
on how each member forms part of a larger
interacting system

A

Family

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15
Q

Blank Therapies
* Advantages
– Can be led by a professional to show people that
they are not alone in their problems
– People can learn from the growth of others
–Blank expensive than one-on-one
– Most common type is that used in AA, NA, etc.
* Disadvantages
– Lack of confidentiality
– Requires a skilled facilitator to avoid social issues
such as blank

A

Group/Less/groupthink

16
Q

Evaluating Therapies
* Success hinges on
– Getting the person into the most compatible type
of therapy for their disorder and personality
– Client and therapist working together in a
therapeutic blank
– Therapist being culturally competent for client
population
– Client being blank to change
* Improvement then has to be blank up to the
point where it levels off

A

alliance/motivated/monitored

17
Q

Evaluating Therapies
* Blank-Practitioner Gap
– A substantial, serious disconnect between scientists
who research and those who practice
– Practitioners often disregard scientific evidence as
not relevant to their personalized approaches
* This leads to perpetuation of misdiagnoses and
useless or harmful treatment methods
– Scientists may undervalue the individual human
elements of therapy, overemphasize one-size-fits-
all approaches

A

Scientist

18
Q

Blank treatment means the person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from symptoms.

A

Voluntary

19
Q

Blank is a psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth.

A

Psychotherapy

20
Q

Blank therapy involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders.

A

Biomedical

21
Q

In blank association, the patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment.

A

free

22
Q

Freud called this blank: the patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient’s other relationships to the psychoanalyst.

A

transference

23
Q

Blank therapy is often used with children since they are not likely to sit on a couch and recall their dreams or engage in traditional talk therapy.

A

Play

24
Q

One commonly used classical conditioning therapeutic techniques blank conditioning: a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior. Blank conditioning uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior.

A

counter/Aversive

25
Q

One popular operant conditioning intervention is called the Blank economy. This involves a controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens, such as a poker chip, that can be exchanged for items or privileges.

A

token

26
Q

Blank-behavioral therapy (CBT)helps clients examine how their thoughts affect their behavior.

A

Cognitive

27
Q

cognitive-Blank therapy form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

A

behavioral

28
Q

Blank-repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse

A

relapse

29
Q

Blank-institution created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

A

asylum

30
Q

Blank-process of closing large asylums and integrating people back into the community where they can be treated locally

A

deinstitutionalization(시설에서의 해방)

31
Q
A