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psy chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

what is the goal of basic research?

A

gather knowledge

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3
Q

what does basic research do?

A

builds on existing knowledge

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4
Q

What is the goal of applied research?

A

change behavior and outcome

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5
Q

what does applied research often do?

A

often leads to real word applications

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6
Q

hindsight bias

A

in retrospect psychological finding may seem logical

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7
Q

why might we fall prey to hindsight bias?

A

we’re constantly seeking explanation for events

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8
Q

anecdotal evidence

A

learning from experiences is a critical ability that helps us survive and adapt but it cannot take place of scientific findings

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9
Q

science

A

A systematic approach to gathering knowledge through careful observation and experimentation

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10
Q

what does science require?

A

analyzing data and sharing results in a manner that permits others to duplicate and verify work

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11
Q

critical thinking

A

process of weighing pieces of evidence, synthesizing them and evaluating the contribution of each

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12
Q

critical thinking (example?)

A

being open minded and skeptical at the same time

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13
Q

Pseudopsychology

A

An approach to explaining and predicting behavior and events that appears to be psychology, but has no empirical or objective evidence to support it.

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14
Q

plato

A

(430-347BCE) believed that truth and knowledge exist in the soul before birth

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15
Q

Aristotle

A

(384-322 BCE) believed we know reality through our perceptions. we learn through our sensory

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16
Q

What did Aristotle do?

A

paved the way for the empirical method

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17
Q

Emprical method

A

a process that uses objective observation to measure and collect data

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18
Q

Ibn al-Haytham

A

mathematician who embraced empiricism

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19
Q

who was called the father of optics and why?

A

ibn al- haytham. for his theory of vision

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20
Q

Wilhem Wundt

A

founded first psychology lab at the university of leipzig in germany

21
Q

Who is the father of psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

22
Q

Structuralism

A

an early school of psychology that used introspection to determine the structure and most basic elementals of the mind

23
Q

who developed structuralism?

A

Edward Titchener

24
Q

Functionalism

A

focused on the function of thoughts, feelings, and behavior and how they help us adapt to the environment

25
Q

who help found functionalism ?

A

william james

26
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

established her own laboratory at wellesly college. she was denied her PhD from harvard.

27
Q

who was the first female president of APA

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

28
Q

Margart Floy Washburn

A

first female PhD in psychology

29
Q

Mamie Phipps Clark

A

First Black female Ph.D.; denied faculty position because of gender

30
Q

What did Mamie Phipps Clark do?

A

explored impact of prejudice and discrimination on child development

31
Q

what was the freud problem?

A

many of his theories lack scientific support

32
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

behavior and personality are primarily determined by learning

33
Q

Pavlov

A

research with dogs established classical conditioning

34
Q

Watson

A

established behaviorism

35
Q

what did watson do?

A

viewed psychology as the scientific study of behavior that could be seen and/or measured

36
Q

skinner

A

focused on operant conditioning

37
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

type of learning that occurs when behavior are rewarded or punished

38
Q

humanistic psychology

A

An approach suggesting that human nature is by and large positive, and the human direction is toward growth.

39
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

an approach examining the mental processes that direct behavior

40
Q

what did george miller do?

A

researched memory, which provided catalyst for cognitive revolution

41
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

explore physiological explanations for mental processes and connections between behavior and human nervous system

42
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

behaviors and mental processes are shaped by the forces of evolution

43
Q

What is evolutionary perspective based on?

A

charles darwin’s work

44
Q

Biological Perspective

A

uses knowledge about underlying physiology to explain behavior and mental processes

45
Q

Neuroscience

A

study of the brain and nervous system

46
Q

sociocultural perspective

A

an approach examining how social interactions and culture influence behavior and mental processes

47
Q

who noted sociocultural perspective?

A

lev vygotsky and mamie phipps clark

48
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

explains behavior through the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

psy (9 decks)

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