psy chp 3

Question 1

an extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body is called the ___?

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system is called a ___?

Answer 2

neuron

Question 3

the long tube like structure that carries the neural message to other cells on the neuron is the ___?

Answer 3

axon

Question 4

on a neuron, the branch like structure that receive messages from the other neurons is the __?

Answer 4

dendrites

Question 5

the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell and contains the mitochondria is the __

Answer 5

soma

Question 6

the fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of the neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse is the ____

Answer 6

myelin

Question 7

the bundles of axons in the body that travel together through the body are known as ___

Answer 7

nerves

Question 8

the charged particles located inside and outside of the neuron are called ____

Answer 8

ions

Question 9

the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse is known as the _____

Answer 9

resting potential

Question 10

____ ____ refers to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all

Answer 10

all or none

Question 11

they ___ ___ are sack like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals

Answer 11

synaptic vesicles

Question 12

_____ are chemicals found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell

Answer 12

neurotransmitters

Question 13

the __ neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire

Answer 13

excitatory

Question 14

the ___ mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell

Answer 14

agonists

Question 15

the ___ a long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain that is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes

Answer 15

spinal cord

Question 16

a neuron that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system and is also known as the afferent is called a ____

Answer 16

sensory

Question 17

all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but run through the body itself are in the ____ ____ system

Answer 17

peripheral nervous

Question 18

The division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body is the ______________ ________________ system.

Answer 18

somatic nervous

Question 19

the ____ ____ system division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons

Answer 19

autonomic nervous

Question 20

the part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful evens and bodily arousal is called the ____ ____ of the nervous system

Answer 20

sympathetic division

Question 21

a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain is called a ____

Answer 21

electroencephalograph

Question 22

the part of the lower brain located behind the pons that controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement is called the _____

Answer 22

cerebellum

Question 23

the part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area and is called the ____

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

the larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom and that plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal is called the ____.

Answer 24

pons

Question 25

the ____ ____ is an area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond that is responsible for selective attention

Answer 25

reticular formation

Question 26

the ____ is a curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of a long term memories and the storage of memory for location of objects

Answer 26

hippocampus

Question 27

the ____ is a brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear

Answer 27

amygdala

Question 28

the ____ is the outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input

Answer 28

cortex

Question 29

the thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the ____ ____

Answer 29

corpus callosum

Question 30

the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere containing the visual centers of the brain is the called the _____ _____

Answer 30

occipital cortex

Question 31

the sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers for touch, taste, and temperature sensations is called the _____ _____

Answer 31

parietal cortex

Question 32

the ____ ____ is the area of the cortex located just behind the temples containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech

Answer 32

temporal lobes

Question 33

they ____ are areas of the cortex located in the front and top of the brain, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making as well as the production of fluent speech

Answer 33

frontal lobes

Question 34

the _____ glands secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 34

endocrine

Question 35

the endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete over 30 different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence are called the ______ ______

Answer 35

adrenal gland