psy chp 3 Flashcards
an extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body is called the ___?
nervous system
the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system is called a ___?
neuron
the long tube like structure that carries the neural message to other cells on the neuron is the ___?
axon
on a neuron, the branch like structure that receive messages from the other neurons is the __?
dendrites
the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell and contains the mitochondria is the __
soma
the fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of the neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse is the ____
myelin
the bundles of axons in the body that travel together through the body are known as ___
nerves
the charged particles located inside and outside of the neuron are called ____
ions
the state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse is known as the _____
resting potential
____ ____ refers to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all
all or none
they ___ ___ are sack like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals
synaptic vesicles
_____ are chemicals found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell
neurotransmitters
the __ neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire
excitatory
the ___ mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell
agonists
the ___ a long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain that is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes
spinal cord
a neuron that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system and is also known as the afferent is called a ____
sensory
all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but run through the body itself are in the ____ ____ system
peripheral nervous
The division of the PNS consisting of nerves that carry information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body is the ______________ ________________ system.
somatic nervous
the ____ ____ system division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons
autonomic nervous
the part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful evens and bodily arousal is called the ____ ____ of the nervous system
sympathetic division
a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain is called a ____
electroencephalograph
the part of the lower brain located behind the pons that controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement is called the _____
cerebellum
the part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and processes some sensory information before sending it to its proper area and is called the ____
thalamus
the larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom and that plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal is called the ____.
pons
the ____ ____ is an area of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond that is responsible for selective attention
reticular formation
the ____ is a curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of a long term memories and the storage of memory for location of objects
hippocampus
the ____ is a brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear
amygdala
the ____ is the outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input
cortex
the thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the ____ ____
corpus callosum
the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere containing the visual centers of the brain is the called the _____ _____
occipital cortex
the sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers for touch, taste, and temperature sensations is called the _____ _____
parietal cortex
the ____ ____ is the area of the cortex located just behind the temples containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech
temporal lobes
they ____ are areas of the cortex located in the front and top of the brain, responsible for higher mental processes and decision making as well as the production of fluent speech
frontal lobes
the _____ glands secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
endocrine
the endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete over 30 different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence are called the ______ ______
adrenal gland
