Psy. 412A Ch. 4

Question 0

Cephalocaudal

Answer 0

Means advancing from head to tail.

Question 1

Directionality

Answer 1

A principle of development that refers to how body proportions change.

Question 2

Proximodistal

Answer 2

Means progressing from the center of the body outward.

Question 3

Independence Of Systems

Answer 3

A principle of development that asserts that different parts of the body develop along different timetables.

Question 4

Canalization

Answer 4

Development tends to follow, and return to, a normative course.

Question 5

Norms

Answer 5

Average outcomes on a characteristic.

Question 6

Individual Differences

Answer 6

The variation among individuals on a characteristic.

Question 7

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 7

The division of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, that processes information and directs behavior.

Question 8

Subcortical Structures

Answer 8

Brain components that control state of arousal.

Question 9

Limbic System

Answer 9

The part of the nervous system that manages EMOTION

Question 10

Sensorimotor Cortex

Answer 10

The part of the brain concerned with touch.

Question 11

Motor Cortex

Answer 11

The part of the brain that controls voluntary movement.

Question 12

Frontal Cortex

Answer 12

The brain’s command central responsible for thinking, planning, initiative, impulse control, and creativity.

Question 13

Cortex

Answer 13

Thin layers of outer tissue that cover the brain.

Question 14

Association Areas

Answer 14

The parts of the brain concerned with awareness, attention, memory, and the integration of information.

Question 15

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 15

The region on the left side of the brain dedicated to LANGUAGE or SPEECH COMPREHENSION.

Question 16

Broca’s Area

Answer 16

The region of the brain dedicated to LANGUAGE OR SPEECH PRODUCTION.

Question 17

Neurons

Answer 17

Cells that carry information across the body and brain.

Question 18

Cell Body

Answer 18

The part of the cell that contains the nucleus and biochemical mechanisms to keep the cell alive and determine whether the cell will fire.

Question 19

Synaptogenesis

Answer 19

The development of connections between neurons through the growth of axons and dendrites.

Question 20

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 20

The process of elimination of unused and unnecessary synapses.

Question 21

Plasticity

Answer 21

The capacity of the brain to be modified by experience.

Question 22

Myelin

Answer 22

The white fatty tissue that encases cell axons.

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

The part of the brain associated with balance and control of body movements.

Question 24

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 24

A disease in which the autoimmune system strips neurons of myelin, leading to loss of motor control.

Question 25

Microelectrode Recording

Answer 25

A technique used to measure the activity of individual cells.

Question 26

Electroencephalographic (EEG) Recordings

Answer 26

Measurements acquired with sensors at the scalp that show electrical activity of masses of individual cells.

Question 27

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

Answer 27

Specific patterns of brain activity evoked by a specific stimulus.

Question 28

Experience-Expectant Processes

Answer 28

Prewired processes in the brain.

Question 29

Experience-Dependent Processes

Answer 29

Brain processes that involve the active formation of new synaptic connections in response to the individual's unique experience

Question 30

Modifiability

Answer 30

A principle of development that assets that, although cells are predestined for specific functions, they CAN be CHANGED.

Question 31

Sensitive Periods

Answer 31

Times in development when then organism is especially open to environmental influence.

Question 32

Compensation

Answer 32

A kind of plasticity in which cells substitute for others, permitting recovery of function after loss or damage.

Question 33

Stem Cells

Answer 33

The newest, youngest, and least developed cells that can be grafted to repair damaged parts of the CNS or replace cells that have died.

Question 34

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 34

The division of the nervous system that regulates many body activities without out voluntary control, such as breathing, blood flow, or digestion.

Question 35

Cycle

Answer 35

Moving in an identifiable and predictable rhythm.

Question 36

Reflexes

Answer 36

Simple, involuntary responses to certain stimuli that have (or had) adaptive significance

Question 37

Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 37

A theory that asserts that change in one area of development impacts others.

Question 38

Infant-Directed Speech

Answer 38

A special speech register reserved for babies that simplifies normal adult-directed speech in many ways.

Question 39

Multimodal Perceptions

Answer 39

The perception of information about objects and events in the world that stimulates many senses at once.

Question 40

Order of CNS development

Answer 40

1. Subcortical Structures 2. Limbic System 3. Cortex/Association Areas