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Flashcardlet Originals > Psy. 412A Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Psy. 412A Ch. 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

Means advancing from head to tail.

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1
Q

Directionality

A

A principle of development that refers to how body proportions change.

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2
Q

Proximodistal

A

Means progressing from the center of the body outward.

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3
Q

Independence Of Systems

A

A principle of development that asserts that different parts of the body develop along different timetables.

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4
Q

Canalization

A

Development tends to follow, and return to, a normative course.

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5
Q

Norms

A

Average outcomes on a characteristic.

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6
Q

Individual Differences

A

The variation among individuals on a characteristic.

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7
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

The division of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, that processes information and directs behavior.

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8
Q

Subcortical Structures

A

Brain components that control state of arousal.

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9
Q

Limbic System

A

The part of the nervous system that manages EMOTION

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10
Q

Sensorimotor Cortex

A

The part of the brain concerned with touch.

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11
Q

Motor Cortex

A

The part of the brain that controls voluntary movement.

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12
Q

Frontal Cortex

A

The brain’s command central responsible for thinking, planning, initiative, impulse control, and creativity.

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13
Q

Cortex

A

Thin layers of outer tissue that cover the brain.

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14
Q

Association Areas

A

The parts of the brain concerned with awareness, attention, memory, and the integration of information.

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15
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

The region on the left side of the brain dedicated to LANGUAGE or SPEECH COMPREHENSION.

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16
Q

Broca’s Area

A

The region of the brain dedicated to LANGUAGE OR SPEECH PRODUCTION.

17
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that carry information across the body and brain.

18
Q

Cell Body

A

The part of the cell that contains the nucleus and biochemical mechanisms to keep the cell alive and determine whether the cell will fire.

19
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

The development of connections between neurons through the growth of axons and dendrites.

20
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

The process of elimination of unused and unnecessary synapses.

21
Q

Plasticity

A

The capacity of the brain to be modified by experience.

22
Q

Myelin

A

The white fatty tissue that encases cell axons.

23
Q

Cerebellum

A

The part of the brain associated with balance and control of body movements.

24
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

A disease in which the autoimmune system strips neurons of myelin, leading to loss of motor control.

25
Q

Microelectrode Recording

A

A technique used to measure the activity of individual cells.

26
Q

Electroencephalographic (EEG) Recordings

A

Measurements acquired with sensors at the scalp that show electrical activity of masses of individual cells.

27
Q

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

A

Specific patterns of brain activity evoked by a specific stimulus.

28
Q

Experience-Expectant Processes

A

Prewired processes in the brain.

29
Q

Experience-Dependent Processes

A

Brain processes that involve the active formation of new synaptic connections in response to the individual’s unique experience

30
Q

Modifiability

A

A principle of development that assets that, although cells are predestined for specific functions, they CAN be CHANGED.

31
Q

Sensitive Periods

A

Times in development when then organism is especially open to environmental influence.

32
Q

Compensation

A

A kind of plasticity in which cells substitute for others, permitting recovery of function after loss or damage.

33
Q

Stem Cells

A

The newest, youngest, and least developed cells that can be grafted to repair damaged parts of the CNS or replace cells that have died.

34
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

The division of the nervous system that regulates many body activities without out voluntary control, such as breathing, blood flow, or digestion.

35
Q

Cycle

A

Moving in an identifiable and predictable rhythm.

36
Q

Reflexes

A

Simple, involuntary responses to certain stimuli that have (or had) adaptive significance

37
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory

A

A theory that asserts that change in one area of development impacts others.

38
Q

Infant-Directed Speech

A

A special speech register reserved for babies that simplifies normal adult-directed speech in many ways.

39
Q

Multimodal Perceptions

A

The perception of information about objects and events in the world that stimulates many senses at once.

40
Q

Order of CNS development

A
  1. Subcortical Structures
  2. Limbic System
  3. Cortex/Association Areas

Flashcardlet Originals (14 decks)

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