PSY 118 CH 11 Flashcards
what is gender
-the state of mind of being male or female
-how you see yourself as female or male or either or both
what are gender sterotypes?
widely shared beliefs about males and feamles abilities, personailty traits, and social behaviors.
what are male sterotypes?
-instrumentality (being orienated toward action, accomplishment)
-active, ambitious, competivie, independent.
what are female sterotypes?
-expressive (being orienated toward emotion/ relationship)
-sensitive, kind, gentle, considerate.
what is androcentrism?
- the belief that the male is the norm.
-male and female sterotyprs less rigid since the 1980’s
cognitive difference in males and females?
-no difference in overall intelligence.
-verbal abilites; small differences in females out perform in speech.
spatital abilites?
- capacity for mentally generating, rotating, and transforming visual images,
-males typically out perform females.
Agression in males and females?
males; physical agression
females; relational/ indirect agression (starting gossip, rumors)
sexual attitudes/ behavior;
-men are slightly more likely to engage in sexual activity
-if i get this wrong on the test ima cry ;/
emotional expression
-women express more emotions,
-both experience emotions.
self esteem for males and females
-females score slightly lower on global self-esteem
-however no dramatix drop for girls during adolsence…may not apply to alll ethic groups
-males slightly have a high self esteem
evolution explanation;
-“Nature selection”
-different demands for survival
-eg aggression in males to compete with mates
-males’ spatial skills for hunting
Brain organization; males
-males have more cerebral specialization,
-depend more heavily on right hemisphere for visual-spaital task
-stay focused on one task
Cerebral specialization: Different brain parts handle different tasks. Males have their brain parts more specialized for certain tasks.
Right hemisphere: One side of the brain, used for tasks like understanding maps. Males use this side more for visual-spatial tasks like reading maps or judging distances.
Brain organization; females
-have larger corpus callosum, which allows for greater communication b/t hemisphere.
-great mulittaskers
Corpus callosum: Part of the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres.
Larger corpus callosum in females: This means there’s more connection between the two sides of the brain in females, allowing for better communication and sharing of information between hemispheres
Brain organization for both females and males?
- males and females brains are more similar than they are different
testerone makes a male?
aggressive
Socialization
the acquisition of what is normal, and roles expected of people in a particular setting.
Gender rules
culture expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each gender.
Parents and gender appropriate behavior
-parents reinforce “gender appropriate behavior.”
-fathers are much less tolerant of gender inappropriate behavior mainly in sons.
Androgyny;
- Sandra bems; refers to the coexistence of both masculine and femine personality traits of a single person.
-can function more flexibly, have better mental health
at what age do children tend to separate into same gender groups?
-ages 4 to 6.
-boys and girls are critical of peers who violate traditional gender norms.
Roles expectations for females?
-the marriage mandate
-the motherhood mandate
-work outside the home
Sexium
-refers to discrimination against people based on their gender.
-economic discrimination
-aggression towards female
Sources of gender role-socialization; school
-gender bias in teachers treatment of boys and girls in class
-boys are given more attention, help, praised often.
-gender bias in academic and career conusling.
Sources of gender role-socialization; the media
-females appear less, often on tv
-less likely to be employed
-males often shown as competent, reaching goals
When watching more TV what tends to happen?
-more stereotyped beliefs about gender
-tv commercials are very gendered stereotyped
which overlap?
-modern man to achievement
2 problems with being a man
-achievement
-emotional issues
2 problems with being a women
-marriage, motherhood mandate
3 SOURCES OF SOCAILZATION
-parents, school, media
NUTURE
-GENDER RULES, SOCIALZATION
NATURE
-CEREBRAL SPECIALIZATION
-HORMONES,
-LARGER CORPUS CALLOSUM
