PSY 118 CH 11

Question 1

what is gender

Answer 1

-the state of mind of being male or female
-how you see yourself as female or male or either or both

Question 2

what are gender sterotypes?

Answer 2

widely shared beliefs about males and feamles abilities, personailty traits, and social behaviors.

Question 3

what are male sterotypes?

Answer 3

-instrumentality (being orienated toward action, accomplishment)
-active, ambitious, competivie, independent.

Question 4

what are female sterotypes?

Answer 4

-expressive (being orienated toward emotion/ relationship)
-sensitive, kind, gentle, considerate.

Question 5

what is androcentrism?

Answer 5

• the belief that the male is the norm.
  -male and female sterotyprs less rigid since the 1980’s

Question 6

cognitive difference in males and females?

Answer 6

-no difference in overall intelligence.
-verbal abilites; small differences in females out perform in speech.

Question 7

spatital abilites?
- capacity for mentally generating, rotating, and transforming visual images,

Answer 7

-males typically out perform females.

Question 8

Agression in males and females?

Answer 8

males; physical agression
females; relational/ indirect agression (starting gossip, rumors)

Question 9

sexual attitudes/ behavior;

Answer 9

-men are slightly more likely to engage in sexual activity
-if i get this wrong on the test ima cry ;/

Question 10

emotional expression

Answer 10

-women express more emotions,
-both experience emotions.

Question 11

self esteem for males and females

Answer 11

-females score slightly lower on global self-esteem
-however no dramatix drop for girls during adolsence…may not apply to alll ethic groups
-males slightly have a high self esteem

Question 12

evolution explanation;

Answer 12

-“Nature selection”
-different demands for survival
-eg aggression in males to compete with mates
-males’ spatial skills for hunting

Question 13

Brain organization; males

Answer 13

-males have more cerebral specialization,
-depend more heavily on right hemisphere for visual-spaital task
-stay focused on one task
Cerebral specialization: Different brain parts handle different tasks. Males have their brain parts more specialized for certain tasks.
Right hemisphere: One side of the brain, used for tasks like understanding maps. Males use this side more for visual-spatial tasks like reading maps or judging distances.

Question 14

Brain organization; females

Answer 14

-have larger corpus callosum, which allows for greater communication b/t hemisphere.
-great mulittaskers
Corpus callosum: Part of the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres.
Larger corpus callosum in females: This means there’s more connection between the two sides of the brain in females, allowing for better communication and sharing of information between hemispheres

Question 15

Brain organization for both females and males?

Answer 15

• males and females brains are more similar than they are different

Question 16

testerone makes a male?

Answer 16

aggressive

Question 17

Socialization

Answer 17

the acquisition of what is normal, and roles expected of people in a particular setting.

Question 18

Gender rules

Answer 18

culture expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each gender.

Question 19

Parents and gender appropriate behavior

Answer 19

-parents reinforce “gender appropriate behavior.”
-fathers are much less tolerant of gender inappropriate behavior mainly in sons.

Question 20

Androgyny;

Answer 20

• Sandra bems; refers to the coexistence of both masculine and femine personality traits of a single person.
  -can function more flexibly, have better mental health

Question 21

at what age do children tend to separate into same gender groups?

Answer 21

-ages 4 to 6.
-boys and girls are critical of peers who violate traditional gender norms.

Question 22

Roles expectations for females?

Answer 22

-the marriage mandate
-the motherhood mandate
-work outside the home

Question 23

Sexium

Answer 23

-refers to discrimination against people based on their gender.
-economic discrimination
-aggression towards female

Question 24

Sources of gender role-socialization; school

Answer 24

-gender bias in teachers treatment of boys and girls in class
-boys are given more attention, help, praised often.
-gender bias in academic and career conusling.

Question 25

Sources of gender role-socialization; the media

Answer 25

-females appear less, often on tv
-less likely to be employed
-males often shown as competent, reaching goals

Question 26

When watching more TV what tends to happen?

Answer 26

-more stereotyped beliefs about gender
-tv commercials are very gendered stereotyped

Question 27

which overlap?

Answer 27

-modern man to achievement

Question 28

2 problems with being a man

Answer 28

-achievement
-emotional issues

Question 29

2 problems with being a women

Answer 29

-marriage, motherhood mandate

Question 30

3 SOURCES OF SOCAILZATION

Answer 30

-parents, school, media

Question 31

NUTURE

Answer 31

-GENDER RULES, SOCIALZATION

Question 32

NATURE

Answer 32

-CEREBRAL SPECIALIZATION
-HORMONES,
-LARGER CORPUS CALLOSUM