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6th Year > PSA > Flashcards

PSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dose of metoclopramide

A

10mg TDS

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2
Q

What drugs cause low sodium

A

carbamazepine

sulfonylureas*
SSRIs, tricyclics
carbamazepine
vincristine
cyclophosphamide
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3
Q

When are dextrose solutions contraindicated

A

in stroke due to risk of cerebral odema

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4
Q

How many mmol of Na in a bag of saline?

A

154

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5
Q

What is the dose of sertraline

A

50mg OD slowly put up each week to upto 200mg

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6
Q

Facts about tamoxifen

A

is taken for 5 years and commonly causes hot flushes. risk of VTE - seek help if calf pain

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7
Q

What is the problem with carbimazole?

A

can cause neutropenic sepsis - marrow suppression therefore check TFTs and FBC

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8
Q

What drugs reduce seizure threshhold?

A

aminophylline/ theophylline
mefenamic acid
fluoroquinolones
methylphenidate

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9
Q

What three drugs cannot be given in asthmatics?

A

beta blockers
adenosine
NSAIDs

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10
Q

How do you manage gentamicin dosing?

A 
Dosing
due to the significant ototoxic and nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin it is important to monitor plasma concentrations
both peak (1 hour after administration) and trough levels (just before the next dose) are measured
if the trough (pre-dose) level is high the interval between the doses should be increased
if the peak (post-dose) level is high the dose should be decreased
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11
Q

When is gentamicin contraindicated

A

myasthenia gravis

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12
Q

Dose of furosemide?

A

20-50mg IV for pulmonary odema

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13
Q

Dose of rivoroxaban

A

10mg OD for prevention

20mg OD but 15mg BD initially treatment

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14
Q

Apixaban dose?

A

2.5mg BD

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15
Q

How much glucose do you need to give in hypoglycaemia?

A

10-20g within 20 minutes

use 20% glucose (50-100ml)

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16
Q

Dose of tetracycline in acne kids?

A

500mg BD

can use other tetracyclines but should not be used under 12

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17
Q

What topicals can be used for acne

A

clindamycin

benzoyl peroxide

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18
Q

three drugs that may cause hyperkalaemia?

A

dalteparin
ramipril
tacrolimus

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19
Q

dose of tacrolimus?

A

roughly 200mcg/kg divided into two doses therefore average 70kg will be on around 14mg per day = 7mg twice

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20
Q

drugs to withold in AKI

A

ACEi
Allopurinol - can accumilate when function is poor

NOT aspririn

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21
Q

How many days before surgery should asprin be stopped?

A

7 days

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22
Q

drugs contributing to confusion?

A

opiates
benzos
steroids

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23
Q

What is the dose of levothyroxine?

A

mcg not mg

taken daily not weekly

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24
Q

drugs causing hyponatraemia?

A

citalopram
bendro
ramipril

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25
When should pain patches be used?
for background pain not breakthrough | often placed on for a number of days.
26
Contraindications for nitrofurantoin?
GFR less than 45 - use trimethoprim if possible
27
What is the dose of breakthrough pain meds?
1/6th of the 24 hr dose every 4 hours as required
28
What is the eqivalent in morphine of a 50mcg p/hr fentanyl patch?
120mg in 24hr can be found in medicines guidance > palliative care
29
Alcoholic with delerium trememns? first management?
chlordiazepoxide 20mg PO 6hrly
30
What is vitamin k also known as?
phytomenedione 1-5mg oral common dose? used pre surgery elective when INR is greater than o equal to 1.5
31
What does topirimate do?
induces - reduces efficacy of hormonal contraceptive
32
What does the BNF say instead of erectile dysfunction?
sexual dysfunction
33
Which drugs can often cause cholestatic jaundice?
co amoxyclav | sulphonylureas?
34
Side effect of carbimazole that causes it to require monitoring?
neutropenic sepsis - monitor FBC
35
What are the indications of perindopril?
HTN HF check indication in question if it is asking you how you would monitor for beneficial side efects
36
side effects of ciclosporin that require monitoring?
LOTS OF THEM | renal dysfunction with U+E is more important than neutropenia with FBC.
37
What is a safe dosing increase for insulin to ameliorate steroid induced hyperglycaemia?
10%
38
Side effects of beta blockers?
sleep disturbance bronchospasm in asthmatics cold peripheris fatigue
39
Side effects of calcium channel blockers?
ankle swelling flushing headache verapamil causes constipation
40
Side effects of nitrates
tachycardia hypotension headache
41
Side effects of nicorandil
Headache fflushing anal ulceration
42
eye problems with amiodarone
corneal opacities, optic neuritis
43
What drugs can cause your vision to change colour?
digoxin - green/yellow | sildenafil - blue
44
What is dosulepin
TCA
45
side effectsa of amoxicaillin
rash with EBV
46
side effects of cipro
tendonitis | reduce seizure threshold
47
side effects of flucloxacillin
cholestasis - a few weeks later
48
side effects of erythromycin
enzyme inhibitor vomiting and GI disturbance prolongs QT
49
antiplatelets for dental surgery?
dont bother stopping
50
side effecs of ethambutol
optic neuritis | renal dosing adjustment
51
side effects of pyrizinamide
hepatic toxicity GOUT - hyperuricaemia arthralgia
52
side effects of isnoniazid
enzyme inhibitor | peripheral neuropathy? b6 reduction
53
side effects of rifampicin
orange secretions enzyme inducer liver toxicity flu like sx
54
1st line for neuropathic pain in diabetes peripheral neuropathy?
duloxetine - SNRI
55
contraindications to bisphosphonates?
renal failure egfr less than 30?
56
diclofenac contraindications
heart failure
57
Side effects of sulphonylureas e.g glimepride
hypos SIADH appetite and weight gain cholestasis
58
Side effects of metformin
lactic acidosis | stomach upset
59
Side effects of thiazoledindiones
fluid retention weight gain fractures
60
causes of occulogyric crisis
phenothiazines metoclopramide haloperidol
61
monitoring for methotrexate
FBC LFT UE
62
Monitoring for amiodarone
LFT TFT
63
Monitoring for leviteracetam?
no monitoring
64
Which is the most common dose of statin to cause myopathy?
high dose - 80mg simvastatin
65
What should you do if a patient get myopathic symptoms from statins?
look at their CK - stop if over 5 times upper limit. | less than 5 - monitor and stop if intolerable symptoms
66
shooting pain in left arm after mastectomy treatment
pregabalin or amytriptilline first line neuropathic gabapentin is 2nd
67
Gentamicin common uses?
severe UTI abdo - gram neg infective endocard?
68
mode of action for tamoxifen causing cancer?
acts as an oestogen recepter AGONIST in the endometrium in contrast to effects in the breast
69
TCA overdose signs
anticholinergic signs are present early on: (similar to sympathitic) wide pupils, dry mouth, agitation, sinus tachy. they get QRS widening (seizure risk up) and a long QT predisposing them to arrythmias also likely to get an acidosis
70
how do you treat TCA overdose?
Bicarb
71
How do you treat aspirin overdose
urinary alkalisation with bicarb. - more often just dialyse because it is contraindicated in pulmonary or cerebral odema? indications for dialysis include pulmonary odema and acidosis
72
What recepters should you use to have a prokinetic effect?
dopamine antagonist such as metoclopramide~?
73
What recepters re useful in nasal decongestant?
alpha 1 agonists
74
histamine 1 vs 2?
1 - antihistamines | 2 - - rantitidine
75
Contraindications to digoxin?
hypokalaemia? makes toxicity likely
76
second line treatment in beta blocker overdose - unresponsive to atropine?
glucagon
77
Drugs which can cause malignant hyperthermia?
halothane | suxamethonium
78
How do you treat malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene - stops calcium release appaz
79
cautions to pred?
heart failure -causes fluid retention
80
HRT regimes
consist of a small amount of oestrodiol with norethisterone | can be continuous or cyclical to induce withdrawal bleed
81
What is trazadone?
anti depressant - inculding side effects of sedation, postural hypos and priapism
82
What cant you give trimethoprim with?
methotrexate
83
What do you treat scarlet fever wiyth?
phenoxymethylpenicillin - 10 days
84
What cant you do with methotrexat?
have babies for 3 months even if you a man
85
What do you do if they get myopathy from a statin?
half the dose after withdrawing for some timne
86
What drugs should be stopped before surgery
``` I LACK OP Insulin Lithium Anticoaglants cocp potassium sparing diuretics oral hypoglycaemics perindopril and acei ```
87
side effect of loop diuretics?
gout
88
Side effects of steroids
``` STEROIDS stomach ulcers thin skin edema right and left heart failure osteoporosis infections diabetes syndromes - cushings ```
89
cautions and contra's of NSAIDS
``` NSAID no urine systolic dysfunction asthma Indigestion dyscrasia ```
90
What are the contraindications to domperidone?
long qt prolongation and occulogyric cris(less likely as peripherally actiung) increased levels of dopamine?
91
Which antiemetics cause occulogyric crisis?
metoclopramide - if on other parksinsons drugs, antipsychotic too and also carbamazipine.
92
alendronic acid side effects?
stomach upset in all forms, dyspepsia, flatulence, diarhhoea and constipation atypical femoral fractures with long term use.
93
causes of ankle odema
CCBs | NSAIDS
94
Course of treatment for candida in pregnancy?
usually 7 days of clotrimazole pessary 100mg they cannot take oral fluconazole treatment
95
In DKA what do you do with their normal insulin?
keep the long acting one going and stop their short acting and start them on a flat rate insulin.
96
WHAT PAIN MANAGEMENT DSHOULD YOU GIVE OLD PEOPLE WITH SHINGLES?
PARACETAMOL
97
lOPERAMIDE
USE AFTER EACH LOOSE STOOL 4mg followed by 2 after each. maximum 16 poer day
98
you have to let patients know if they are gonna need monitoring on msoemthing
eg renal on ciclosporin
99
monitoring for cocp
high blood pressures
100
What morphine do you use in renal impariment?
oxycodone as it is hepatically metabolised
101
Contraindications to most laxatives and stool softeners?
acute abdomen ileus cannot give bulking agents such as ispagula husk in impaced individuals
102
whats the best type of laxative for faecal impaction?
stool softeners such as docusate sodium which also acts as a stimulant at higher doses.
103
What insulin should be used in hyperkalaemia?
10 units short acting actrapid or novorapid insulin in 100ml 20% glucose over 30 minutes

6th Year (19 decks)

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