ENT Flashcards
Menieres disease symptoms?
mainly vertigo with n and v tinnitus aural fullness nystagmus asssociated aquire some SNHL episodes last upto 12 hours
When should otalgia become a red flag?
when there are no visible ear signs
it may be referred pain from the nasopharynx - particularly a cancer
What is the complication of a nasal septal haematoma?
irreversible septal necrosis and only takes 3-4 days to come about. this may result in a saddle nose deformity. they wiull commonly complain of nasal obstruction and fullness and a boddy mass seen in both nostrils. therefore urgent referal for drainage and abx is required
Which triangle does a cystic hygroma present in?
posterior - usually on the left
it is a lymphangioma
usually presents at birth or within first two years
Suspected posterior nose bleed?
instert 18G foley catheter and inflate with 10ml water and pull slightly until lodged. immediate ENT for endoscopic visualisation and cautery or ligation
Genetic cause of recurrent nosebleeds?
osler weber rendu/HHT:
recurrent nose bleeds, GI bleeds, due to AVMs also in lungs and liver and brain. -get pulmonary hypertension
How do acoustic neuromas present?
unilateral SNHL tinnitus vertigo CN palsy 5,7,8 (reduced reflexes) SOL type sx with headache
attic crust?
classic cholesteatoma.
squamous epithelium trapped in the basal skull.
foul smelling discharge with hearing loss and usually present in 10-20 yr old
may have vertigo
what is otosclerosis
autosomal dominant inherited stapes fixation causing conductive hearing loss from a young age.
hey have tinitus and a normal tympanic membrane
Causes of parotid swelling
sarcoid-6% of sufferers(bilat non tend) mumps-viral parotitis also may cause pancreatitis stones hiv alocohol sjogrens
What type of tumours invade facial nerve?
malignant lesions
benign things do not usually cause damage except warthins tumour
sarcoid may invade and cause a facial palsy
Most common benign parotid lesions?
benign pleomorphic adenoma (5% recur, upto 10% malig change)
warthins tumour old men, smokers
Which drugs are ototoxic?
Aminoglycosides
Quinines
aspirin
loop diuretics
sistrubks procedure?
for removal of thyrogloassal cyst
complications of thyroid surgery?
bleeding causing build of pressure which can close the trachea. give blade.
recurrent laryngeal nerve damage.
parathyroid gland damage causing hypocalcaemia
