Cardio Flashcards
What is Becks triad
Low BP, Raised JVP, Muffled heart sounds indicative of cardiac tamponade - left ventricular free wall rupture
What is the mnemonic to remember the complications of MI?
Death Passing PRAAED st
Death Pump Failure Pericarditis Rupture Aneurysm Arrythmia Embolism Dresslers Syndrome
What is wellens syndrome
Deeply inverted t waves in leads v2-3 indicative of LAD stenosis - severe
Causes of constrictive pericarditis?
Tb
Scleroderma
Uraemia - CRF
Kussmauls sign?
rise in JVP on inspiration
sseen in constrictive pericarditis, or other scenarios with right heart strain and poor filliung
Long QT treatment?
beta blockers
ICD in high risk cases
avoid precipitants: terfenadine (antihist) and erythromycin amiodarone sotalol TCA SSRI
strenuous exercise
Indications for PCI
ST elevation - 2mm in 2 or more consecutive leads of v1-6
1mm in 2 or more consecute leads ii,iii,AVL,AVF
NEW LBBB
how long does GTN spray take to work?
2 mins
What leads are supplied by the LAD?
anteroseptal leads - V1-4
What leads are supplied by the left circumflex artery?
lateral leads - V5-6 and I and AVL
What leads are supplied by the RCA?
inferior leads - II,III and AVF
What is the treatment for hypertension in diabetis?
always ACEi - not CCB even if older.
Which meds do you stop when someone is having an MI?
CCBs
What is the fourth step in HTN management?
measure the potassium - if its belowe 4.5 then you can add spiro
if its above then add a thiazide LIKE diuretic - indapamide?
What drugs will someone who has had a heart attack be on?
Aspirin
clopidogrel/ticagrelor (upto 1yr)
beta blocker
acei
statin
What can bendroflumeth worsen?
gout
hypercalcaemia
hyponatraemia
How do you remember rheumatic fever criteria?
PEASS PPIFA
how often can you repeat adrenaline in anaphylaxis?
every 5 minutes
anaphylaxis adult manageent?
500mcg adrenaline
200mg hydrocortisone
10mg chlorphenamine
Most specific sign for pericarditis on ecg
PR depression - may have ST elevation too with saddle? may also have a modest trop rise
What is the chest pain like in pericarditis?
often pleuritic in nature and so is relieved on breathing out or sitting forward
CAuses of acute pericarditis?
VBF MDO
Viral - coxaccie/HIV/EBV Bacterial - TB/pneumonia/rheumatic fever Fungal MI-dresslers Drugs - penicillins other - sarcoi/ reumatoid, SLE
Causes of a Long QT?
Drugs + metabolic
Meds - erythromycin, terfenadine,amiodarone, sotalol
metabolic - hypokalaemia, calcaemia,magnesaemia,thermia
also congenital causes
(not hyponatraemia)
when should you look for sexcondary causes of HTN?
under 40’s, resistant to treatment or other signs of
What is the target INR for VTE and AF?
- 5
(3. 5 for recurrent VTE)
if they fall below 2 you should give them LMWH in the meantime until higher dose of wararin has time to act
Causes of LBBB?
CHAIR
Cardiomyopathy Hypertension Aortic stenosis IHD Rare - idiopathic fobrosis
Reasons to have VQ scan over CTPA?
cant have contrast - renal impairment
Most common murmur in infective endocarditis?
commonly regurg.
left sided:
most 85% mitral regurg and half Aortic
What is the murmur of atrial myxoma
late diastolic plop
