PS101 Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

activities of our brain when engaged in thinking, observing, and using language

Answer 2

Mental processes

Question 3

observable activities of an organism

Answer 3

Behaviour

Question 4

Four goals of psychologists?

Answer 4

Description, explanation, prediction, controlling

Question 5

Levels of analysis?

Answer 5

The brain – brain structure and function
(How does stimulation of the amygdala affect aggression?)
The person – thoughts and feelings
(How do personality factors influence aggressive behaviour?)
The group – family, friends, culture
(How does exposure to violence in the media affect aggression?)

Question 6

Philosophy

Answer 6

the study of knowledge and reality

Question 7

Francis Bacon

Answer 7

created empiricism – the view that all knowledge comes from experience

Question 8

Descartes

Answer 8

contemplated mind-body dualism – mind as distinct from the body and connected to the body via the pineal gland

Question 9

John Locke

Answer 9

argued we are born with a tabula rasa and that we learn by experience

Question 10

Psychophysics

Answer 10

the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and their psychological effects by Johannes Muller in 1800s

Question 11

Herman von Helmholtz

Answer 11

measured the speed of neural impulses

Question 12

Gustav Fechner

Answer 12

one of the founders of experimental psychology; showed how mental events can be quantified

Question 13

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 13

• Opened the first psychology lab in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany
• Made psychology a science by adding: Carefully measured observations
  Experiments