Chapter 7 Psych Flashcards
Decide whether each example is associative or non-associative learning. (1, associative learning, 2. non-associative learning)
Carl checks his email after he hears the ‘ding’ that signifies a new message just arrived.
Debbie opens the door after the doorbell rings.
Sammy the guinea pig squeaks when the fridge door opens.
Bob jumps in fear at the sound of a dog barking after watching ‘Cujo’.
Sebastian can’t smell his girlfriend’s perfume after being around her for a few minutes.
Alison sleeps through the banging of a branch on her window.
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2
Decide whether each example is classical conditioning or operant conditioning.
You avoid heights since being up high causes you great anxiety.
Liza’s fish knows that they get fed right after she turns on their light in the morning, so now anytime she turns on their light, they swim to the surface.
Gavin can’t eat tacos anymore, ever since he got food poisoning from eating a bad taco.
Luke’s stomach growls after the lunch bell rings.
Little Johnny hits his sister and his mom sends him to his room for a time out.
You get more sales than anymore at work and earn a restaurant gift card as a bonus.
2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2
Decide whether each example is habituation or sensitization.
Yvonne doesn’t notice the chime of her grandfather clock in her home.
Zubin used to smell the nearby chicken barn when they first moved in, but he doesn’t find it nearly as offensive anymore.
The barking dog was scaring the baby more and more, and the baby cried louder and louder.
The heat from the spices was building with each progressive pepper he ate, so Cameron ended up losing the spicy-pepper eating contest.
After having watched a scary movie, Stacey found herself jumping in fear to every little snap of a twig when she had to cut through the park to get home.
When Liane first arrived at her college residence, she couldn’t sleep with the loud street noises, but she is used to it now.
1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1
Imagine your romantic partner always uses the same shampoo, and so the smell of the shampoo makes you feel happy. In this example, identify the classical conditioning components. (1. CS, 2. US, 3. CR, 4. UR)
your romantic partner
smell of shampoo
feeling happy to the smell of the shampoo
feeling happy from being around your romantic partner
2, 1, 3, 4
Imagine that the door to your house squeaks loudly when you open it. Soon, your dog begins wagging its tail when the door squeaks. In this example, identify the classical conditioning components. (1. CS, 2. US, 3. CR, 4. UR)
dog wagging its tail to you coming home
squeaking door
dog wagging its tail to the squeaking door
you coming home
4, 1, 3, 2
The nurse says “This won’t hurt a bit” just before stabbing you with a painful needle. The next time you hear ‘This won’t hurt a bit’, you cringe in fear. In this example, identify the classical conditioning components. (1. CS, 2. US, 3. CR, 4. UR)
pain of needle
feeling fear/pain to needle
feeling fear to hearing ‘This won’t hurt a bit’
“This won’t hurt a bit”
2, 4, 3, 1
You have a meal at a fast food restaurant that causes food poisoning. The next time you see a sign for that restaurant, you feel nauseated. In this example, identify the classical conditioning components. (1. CS, 2. US, 3. CR, 4. UR)
nausea from the restaurant sign
stomach illness
the fast food
sign for the fast food restaurant
3, 4, 2, 1
You feed your cat special treats from the cupboard, which makes a distinct ‘click’ sound when it opens. Unfortunately, your cat meows and rubs on your legs wildly whenever you open that cupboard and it hears the ‘click’ sound. In this example, identify the classical conditioning components. (1. CS, 2. US, 3. CR, 4. UR)
special treats
meowing and rubbing to special treats
click sound
meowing and rubbing to sound of ‘click’
2, 4, 1, 3
You live in a home with plumbing that causes the water in the shower to go freezing cold if the toilet is flushed. As a result, if you’re in there and you hear the toilet flush, you quickly jump out of the way of the spray of water. In this example, identify the classical conditioning components. (1. CS, 2. US, 3. CR, 4. UR)
sound of flushing toilet
freezing cold water
jumping out of the freezing cold water spout
jumping out of the water spout to the sound of the toilet
1, 2, 4, 3
For each example, identify what aspect of learning is being showcased. (1.
acquisition, 2.extinction, 3. spontaneous recovery, 4.stimulus generalization, 5. stimulus discrimination, 6. higher-order conditioning)
Olivia’s bird is fed treats from a jar that makes a certain sound when it is opened. Whenever the bird hears that sound, it flaps its wings, making a huge mess. Olivia is tired of it, so she tries a suggestion her psychology professor had. She opens the jar repeatedly without giving the bird any treats.
Olivia’s kitchen floor has a spot with a distinct squeak, a few steps before her bird’s treat jar. Although her bird was previously flapping its wings to the sound of the treat jar alone, it now begins flapping to the sound of the squeaky floor.
Olivia had successfully taught her bird to stop flapping to the sound of the treat jar by opening it repeatedly without giving a treat. Then Olivia forgot about the treat jar entirely for a few weeks, and when she tried it again, she was disappointed to see the flapping had returned.
Although Olivia’s bird flaps its wings to the sound of the treat jar opening, it doesn’t flap to the sound of the fridge door opening.
Olivia just got a new bird and is giving it special treats from a jar that makes a certain sound when it is opened. She notices that the bird is starting to flap its wings more and more whenever she opens the jar.
Olivia’s bird flaps its wings whenever it hears the sound of the treat jar. Unfortunately, her cupboard makes a similar sound, and her bird has started flapping whenever she opens her cupboard too.
2, 6, 3, 5, 1, 4
What piece of evidence shows us that an extinguished association is still intact, despite the fact that the CS may no longer elicit the CR?
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
higher-order conditioning
conditioned tolerance
spontaneous recovery
What is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?
stimulus generalization takes weeks to learn while stimulus discrimination can be learned in as little as a day
stimulus generalization means responding to more stimuli while stimulus discrimination means responding to fewer stimuli
stimulus generalization is the result of classical conditioning while stimulus discrimination is the result of operant conditioning
stimulus generalization occurs before stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization means responding to more stimuli while stimulus discrimination means responding to fewer stimuli
Match each example with the correct type of operant consequence. (1.
positive reinforcement, 2. negative reinforcement, 3. positive punishment, 4. negative punishment)
If you talk during a good movie, you get asked to leave.
You ate all your broccoli so now you can have some ice cream.
You swore at the bus driver and as a result he kicked you off the bus.
You walk out of a bad movie.
People tell you that your new haircut looks nice.
Your dog chases a skunk and gets sprayed right in the face.
You squirm in the dentist’s chair and the dentist gives you a break from the painful procedure you were receiving.
You play peek-a-boo with a baby on the bus and the baby screams in fear.
4, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3
If you were to use reinforcement in a treatment program and you wanted to see the most change in behaviour and you wanted to see this change last long-term when the reinforcement program ends, what would be the best combination of schedules of reinforcement to use?
start with continuous reinforcement and then switch to partial reinforcement before going to complete extinction
start with partial reinforcement and then switch to continuous before going to complete extinction
only use continuous reinforcement to really stamp in the behaviour before going to complete extinction
start with extinction before going to partial reinforcement and then end with continuous reinforcement
start with continuous reinforcement and then switch to partial reinforcement before going to complete extinction
Match each example with the correct schedule of partial reinforcement.
(1. FR, 2.VR, 3. FI, 4.VI)
__1__
If you buy 5 coffees, the next one is free.
__2__
On average, a car salesperson sells one car for every 20 customers that walk in to the dealership.
__3__
After every 20 minutes of hockey play, the Zamboni cleans the ice.
__4__
You bake your cookies for an average of 10 minutes.
__1__
You get a goal in hockey every 5th shot.
__3__
You get paid once a week, no matter how much work is done.
__1__
You get paid for every 10 boxes you make.
__4__
Every time you play a game of hockey, you get anywhere from 20 to 30 minutes of ice time.
__3__
Your dryer takes exactly 30 minutes to dry your clothes.
__2__
It takes anywhere from 4-7 shots to sink your ball on a par 5.
__2__
You need to shoot the puck anywhere from 5 to 10 shots before you get a goal in hockey.
__4__
You wait 10-15 minutes for the next bus to arrive.
1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 4
