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Health Sci Term 1 Exams > BI 110 Final > Flashcards

BI 110 Final Flashcards

1
Q

One can determine the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll by measuring oxygen production as a function of wavelength T or F?

A

False

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2
Q

P700 and P680 are completely different types of chlorophyll. True or False?

A

False

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3
Q

PSII is called the “engine of life” because of its associated oxygen-evolving complex. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

Arrange the following steps of linear electron flow in their correct sequence. One or more of these terms may be used twice:

Electron transport chain, Electron transport chain, Photosystem II, NADPH, Photosystem I

A

Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I Electron transport chain NADPH

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5
Q

The purpose of cyclic electron flow is to make extra NADPH.

a. True	
b. False
A

False

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6
Q

ATP synthesis in photosynthetic processes happens by the chemiosmotic flow of protons through the ATP synthase.

a. True
b. False

A

True

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7
Q

Photosynthetic electron flow results in a higher concentration of protons in the thylakoid lumen.

a. True	
b. False
A

True

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8
Q

The oxygen-evolving complex is located on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane.

a. True	
b. False
A

False

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9
Q

The Calvin cycle produces one molecule of glucose per cycle. True or False?

A

False

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10
Q

Sucrose is a glucose-containing disaccharide that circulates between plant cells.

a. True	
b. False
A

True

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11
Q

Rubisco consists of such a large percentage of plant leaf protein because carbon fixation is so important to the biosphere.

a. True	
b. False
A

False

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12
Q

The Calvin cycle is unique to eukaryotic photoautotrophs.

a. True	
b. False
A

False

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13
Q

Oxygen solubility increases with increasing temperature but CO2 does not.

a. True	
b. False
A

False

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14
Q

C4 plants tend to predominate in hot, dry climates.

a. True	
b. False
A

True

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15
Q

Although the PEP carboxylase is more efficient than rubisco, the C4 cycle requires more energy than the Calvin cycle.

a. True	
b. False
A

True

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16
Q

Why is the abundance of phytoplankton higher near the Arctic than at the temperate regions of the Atlantic and Pacific?

a. CO2 is poorly soluble in the warmer waters of the temperate regions.	
b. Many nutrients are limited in the temperate regions.	
c. The UV radiation is too strong in the temperate regions.	
d. The water is too hot in the temperate regions
A

b. Many nutrients are limited in the temperate regions.

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17
Q

Which is the most accurate term to describe plants and algae?

a. heterotrophs	
b. phototrophs	
c. autotrophs	
d. photoautotrophs
A

d. photoautotrophs

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18
Q

Which is the most accurate term to describe halobacteria?

a. photoautotrophs	
b. heterotrophs	
c. phototrophs	
d. autotrophs
A

c. phototrophs

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19
Q

Which of the following is produced by the light-dependent reactions?

a. NADPH	
b. CO2	
c. glucose	
d. G3P
A

a. NADPH

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20
Q

In cyanobacteria, which of the following provides the electrons used for CO2 fixation?

a. ATP	
b. water	
c. NADPH	
d. chlorophyll
A

water

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21
Q

Where are photosynthetic pigments located in plant cells?

a. in the cytoplasm	
b. in the inner chloroplast membrane	
c. in the thylakoid membranes	
d. in the stroma of the chloroplast
A

c. in the thylakoid membranes

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22
Q

Which of the following would NOT occur as a result of absorption of a photon of light by a pigment molecule?

a. An excited electron might transfer its energy to an adjacent molecule.	
b. An electron would go from ground state to excited state.	
c. The pigment might release light.	
d. An electron would move from an outer orbital to an inner orbital.
A

d. An electron would move from an outer orbital to an inner orbital.

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23
Q

Which statement is correct?

a. A photosynthetic action spectrum measures the rate of O2 production vs. wavelength.	
b. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the green region of the spectrum.	
c. One can demonstrate the cooperation of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in photosynthesis using an absorption spectrum.	
d. An absorption spectrum measures the absorption of O2 by a plant over different wavelengths.
A

a. A photosynthetic action spectrum measures the rate of O2 production vs. wavelength.

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24
Q

In eukaryotes, which of the following acts as the reaction centre molecule?

a. chlorophyll a	
b. carotenoids	
c. chlorophyll b
A

a. chlorophyll a

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25
Q

How is the energy funnelled through a photosynthetic antenna to the reaction centre chlorophyll?

a. through the release of heat	
b. through successive oxidation–reduction reactions	
c. through transfer of energy to neighbouring pigment molecules
A

c. through transfer of energy to neighbouring pigment molecules

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26
Q

Which of the following is reduced by electrons obtained from water?

a. P680+	
b. P680	
c. P700*	
d. plastocyanin
A

a. P680+

27
Q

Which of the following produces ATP and NADPH?

a. cyclic electron flow	
b. the Calvin cycle	
c. linear electron flow	
d. the oxidation of water
A

c. linear electron flow

28
Q

Which of the following describes how photoautotrophs make ATP for CO2 fixation?

a. Protons flowing from the thylakoid lumen into the stroma by chemiosmosis give rise to photophosphorylation.	
b. Protons flowing from the intermembrane space into the stroma by chemiosmosis give rise to photophosphorylation.	
c. Protons flowing from the stroma into the lumen of the thylakoids by chemiosmosis give rise to photophosphorylation.	
d. Protons flowing from the cytoplasm into the stroma by chemiosmosis give rise to photophosphorylation.
A

a. Protons flowing from the thylakoid lumen into the stroma by chemiosmosis give rise to photophosphorylation.

29
Q

How many quanta of light would need to be absorbed to produce one molecule of O2 through linear photosynthetic electron flow?

a. 6	
b. 4	
c. 8	
d. 2
A

c. 8

30
Q

Which statement about cyclic photosynthesis is true?

a. It produces ATP but no NADPH.	
b. It produces ATP and NADPH.	
c. It fixes CO2.	
d. It produces oxygen.
A

a. It produces ATP but no NADPH.

31
Q

Which of the following is part of the Calvin cycle?

a. glycolate	
b. Rubisco	
c. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)	
d. oxygen
A

b. Rubisco

32
Q

How many times must the Calvin cycle go around generating enough fixed carbon for the synthesis of glucose?

a. 1	
b. 6	
c. 3	
d. 2
A

b. 6

33
Q

Which of the following is true of G3P?

a. Some of the G3P made in the Calvin cycle is used to regenerate RuBP.	
b. It is also an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.	
c. It is the intermediate that links the Calvin cycle with the light-dependent reaction.	
d. It is the product of Rubisco's oxygenase reaction.
A

a. Some of the G3P made in the Calvin cycle is used to regenerate RuBP.

34
Q

Which statement about Rubisco is true?

a. It has a higher affinity for oxygen than for CO2.	
b. It is a single protein complex.	
c. Under normal atmospheric conditions and moderate temperatures, it is only about 10% efficient.	
d. Genes from the nucleus and the chloroplast are required for its synthesis.
A

d. Genes from the nucleus and the chloroplast are required for its synthesis.

35
Q

Which statement about algae is true?

a. Many produce PEP carboxylase in order to overcome the problem of photorespiration.	
b. Many use the C4 cycle to overcome the problem of photorespiration.	
c. Many have an active transport protein in their plasma membranes for pumping dissolved oxygen out of the cytosol.	
d. Many have an active transport protein in their plasma membranes for pumping bicarbonate into the cytosol.
A

c. Many have an active transport protein in their plasma membranes for pumping dissolved oxygen out of the cytosol.

36
Q

Which term refers to structures through which plants exchange oxygen and CO2?

a. cuticle	
b. bundle sheath cells	
c. mesophyll cells	
d. stomata
A

d. stomata

37
Q

How do C4 and CAM store CO2?

a. as G3P in the stroma of bundle sheath cells	
b. as malate	
c. as oxaloacetate in vesicles	
d. as PEP in the stroma of mesophyll cells
A

b. as malate

38
Q

Which statement is true?

a. CAM plants are found predominantly in regions with hot days and cool nights.	
b. C4 plants are as prevalent as C3 plants in temperate regions such as Manitoba.	
c. C4 plants use the C4 pathway in bundle sheath cells and the Calvin cycle in mesophyll cells.	
d. CAM plants make and store malate in vacuoles during the day and use the Calvin cycle at night.
A

a. CAM plants are found predominantly in regions with hot days and cool nights.

39
Q

Which of these processes is NOT part of photosynthesis?

a. light-dependent reactions	
b. light-independent reactions	
c. Calvin cycle	
d. glycolysis
A

d. glycolysis

40
Q

Where do the oxygen atoms released from a plant during photosynthesis originate?

a. O2	
b. CO2	
c. C6H12O6	
d. H2O
A

d. H2O

41
Q

Where are the enzymes found that are responsible for the light-independent reactions?

a. cytoplasm	
b. stroma of the chloroplast	
c. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast	
d. thylakoid lumen of the chloroplast
A

b. stroma of the chloroplast

42
Q

Carotenoids in photosynthesizing organisms function in all the following capacities EXCEPT ________

a. as accessory pigments.	
b. as components of the antenna complex.	
c. to absorb light at wavelengths different from those of chlorophyll, expanding the range of wavelengths available for photosynthesis.	
d. as components of the reaction centre.
A

d. as components of the reaction centre.

43
Q

An oxygen-requiring strain of bacteria would thrive best if cultured with green algae exposed to ________.

a. green light	
b. yellow light	
c. blue light	
d. orange light
A

c. blue light

44
Q

Light energy absorbed by pigments in the antenna complex is passed to the reaction centre by ________

a. transfer of high-energy electrons from antenna pigments to the reaction centre chlorophyll.	
b. inductive resonance.	
c. release of heat.	
d. fluorescence.
A

b. inductive resonance.

45
Q

Which of the following is found in the reaction centre for photosystem II?

a. a specialized chlorophyll a called P680	
b. a specialized chlorophyll a called P700	
c. a specialized chlorophyll b called P680	
d. a specialized chlorophyll b called P700
A

a. a specialized chlorophyll a called P680

46
Q

What do electrons pass through between photosystem II and photosystem I?

a. plastocyanin, ferredoxin, and NADPH	
b. plastoquinone pool, cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin	
c. water, ferredoxin, and NADPH	
d. water, ATP, and NADP+ reductase
A

b. plastoquinone pool, cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin

47
Q

As electrons pass from photosystem II to photosystem I, they return to a lower energy level, releasing free energy, which is ________

a. all lost as heat.	
b. used to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane.	
c. used to synthesize NADPH.	
d. used to split water and release oxygen.
A

b. used to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane.

48
Q

Which of these statements does NOT describe the cyclic electron flow pathway of the light-dependent reactions?

a. Cyclic flow cannot by itself fuel the Calvin cycle because no NADPH is formed.	
b. Cyclic flow produces ATP in addition to that from the noncyclic flow to satisfy the ATP requirements of the Calvin cycle and other cell processes.	
c. Cyclic flow uses only photosystem I; it does not use photosystem II.	
d. No proton gradient forms during cyclic flow.
A

d. No proton gradient forms during cyclic flow.

49
Q

During the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle, ________

a. Rubisco catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with RuBP to form two molecules of 3PG.	
b. Rubisco catalyzes the reaction of O2 with RuBP to form 3PG and phosphoglycolate.	
c. energy stored in NADPH is used to create the carbon-storage molecule G3P.	
d. energy stored in ATP is used to form the carbon-storage molecule RuBP.
A

a. Rubisco catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with RuBP to form two molecules of 3PG.

50
Q

During the reduction and sugar production stage of the Calvin cycle, ________

a. Rubisco catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with RuBP to form two molecules of 3PG.	
b. Rubisco catalyzes the reaction of O2 with RuBP to form 3PG and phosphoglycolate.	
c. energy stored in NADPH and ATP is used to synthesize G3P.	
d. energy stored in ATP is used to form RuBP.
A

c. energy stored in NADPH and ATP is used to synthesize G3P.

51
Q

During the regeneration stage of the Calvin cycle, ________

a. a small fraction of the carbohydrate produced by the cycle is used to replenish the starting materials for the cycle.	
b. most of the carbohydrate produced by the cycle is used to replenish the starting materials for the cycle.	
c. more Rubisco must be formed before the cycle can continue.	
d. G3P is used to synthesize glucose.
A

b. most of the carbohydrate produced by the cycle is used to replenish the starting materials for the cycle.

52
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to form enough G3P to synthesize the disaccharide sucrose (C12H22O11)?

a. 1	
b. 3	
c. 6	
d. 12
A

d. 12

53
Q

Under which of these conditions does photorespiration occur?

a. when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide occupies the active site of Rubisco	
b. when plants require energy to be produced in their mitochondria	
c. when temperatures are too low for photosynthesis	
d. when plants open their stomata to release oxygen
A

d. when plants open their stomata to release oxygen

54
Q

The C4 cycle eliminates photorespiration by ________

a. increasing the amount of time that stomata are open for gas exchange.	
b. using an enzyme that does not bind with oxygen to capture CO2.	
c. forming more CO2 than the C3 cycle.	
d. eliminating the Calvin cycle.
A

b. using an enzyme that does not bind with oxygen to capture CO2.

55
Q

Where does the C4 cycle occur in plants that control its location?

a. in the chloroplasts, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in the cytoplasm	
b. in roots where oxygen is low, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in leaves, where oxygen is high	
c. in cells near the surface of the leaf where oxygen levels are high, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in deeper tissues, where oxygen levels are lower	
d. in the thylakoids near the light-dependent reactions, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma, where oxygen levels are lower
A

b. in roots where oxygen is low, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in leaves, where oxygen is high

56
Q

Which of the following statements does NOT describe similarities between ATP synthesis during photosynthesis in the chloroplast and ATP synthesis during cellular respiration in the mitochondrion?

a. Electrons are passed through carriers in the membrane that include quinones, cytochromes, and iron–sulfur centres.	
b. Energy used to synthesize ATP is first stored as a proton-motive force.	
c. Using chemiosmosis, H+ moves down a concentration gradient to power ATP synthesis.	
d. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs during ATP synthesis
A

d. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs during ATP synthesis

57
Q

At which stage in the cell cycle do chromosomes condense and thicken from their typical form?

a. G2	
b. prophase	
c. prometaphase	
d. metaphase
A

prophase

58
Q

During cytokinesis in animal cells, a belt of which type of molecule forms a furrow around the cell and constricts to cut the cell in two?

a. microtubulin	
b. RNA	
c. microfilament	
d. kinetochore
A

c. microfilament

59
Q

Where is the fully developed mitotic spindle found?

a. at one end of the cell	
b. inside the nucleus	
c. attached to the nucleolus	
d. around the former nuclear region
A

d. around the former nuclear region

60
Q

Which of these statements best describes protein kinases during the cell cycle?

a. Protein kinases phosphorylate target proteins.	
b. Kinetochores function as protein kinases.	
c. Cyclin-dependent kinases are active throughout the cell cycle.	
d. The M phase of the cell cycle synthesizes new protein kinases.
A

a. Protein kinases phosphorylate target proteins.

61
Q

Check My Work
The presence of the activated molecular complex M cyclin/CDK1 is the signal for a cell to enter the M phase from the G2 phase. What signals the M phase to cease?
a. the degradation of M cyclin
b. the end of cytokinesis
c. the degradation of kinetochore motor proteins
d. the degradation of CDK1

A

a. the degradation of M cyclin

62
Q

Which of these statements best describes internal checkpoints during the cell cycle?

a. Cyclins are always present and available for complexing with CDKs.	
b. Cancerous cells have too many internal checkpoints.	
c. Chromosomal replication occurs at each internal checkpoint.	
d. A cell doesn't move forward in the cell cycle until it's fully prepared
A

d. A cell doesn’t move forward in the cell cycle until it’s fully prepared

63
Q

Healthy animal cells exhibit contact inhibition so that they don’t overgrow each other. Which phase of the cell cycle would a cell enter in response to contact inhibition?

a. M	
b. G0	
c. G1	
d. G2
A

b. G0

64
Q

Which of these statements describes an oncogene?

a. a gene that blocks cancer throughout life	
b. an altered gene that promotes uncontrolled cell division	
c. a region within a karyotype	
d. a gene whose expression lengthens interphase
A

b. an altered gene that promotes uncontrolled cell division

Health Sci Term 1 Exams (6 decks)

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