Chapter 12 Psych Flashcards by Tanveen Randav

Our personality influences how we feel and act.

True
False

True

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Personality is fairly stable across individuals.

True
False

False

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Personality can be defined as an individual’s consistent behavioural traits.

True
False

True

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The choices we make are not influenced by our personalities.

True
False

False

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Match each example with the most appropriate structure of personality, according to the psychodynamic perspective. (id, ego, superego)

You know that smoking is very bad for your health so you don’t think you should allow yourself to have any.

You see a cheesecake in the fridge and decide you will wait until after dinner to have a piece.

You see a cheesecake in the fridge and have to have a piece right now.

You refuse your co-worker’s offer of a cigarette during your break, knowing that you’re only allowing yourself to have 5/day and you want to save your next one for later.

You see a cheesecake in the fridge and remember that this is not a healthy food choice, it is full of saturated fats and is very high in calories, so you don’t believe you should have any.

You’re trying to cut down on smoking but couldn’t resist accepting a cigarette from a co-worker during your break.

3,2,1,2,3,1

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Dana is bringing a Tupperware full of frosted sugar cookies on the school bus to sell in her bake sale at lunch hour. Unfortunately, she is unable to resist tasting the cookies, and before she knows it, she has eaten more than half the container. What aspect of her personality would Freud say was in control here?

ego

defense mechanisms

superego

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John finds a wallet with $350 in it. Although the wallet has the owner’s identification inside, John decides to keep the money because he tells himself that it is the owner’s fault for losing the wallet, and this may teach them a lesson. After all, the owner should not have been so careless. John’s behaviour is an example of which defense mechanism?

denial

reaction formation

sublimation

rationalization

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

You go to the Dairy Queen and consume an extra large sundae but have no memory of doing so.
The passenger of the accident has no memory of the events leading up to the crash.

repression

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

Gary wanted to act out the shooter videogames that he loved to play, but knowing he couldn’t go around shooting people, he decided to join the military and sign up for active duty.
You get a job as an ice cream taster for Dairy Queen in order to help them produce the best product.

sublimation

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

The wife hears the officer say that her husband died in an accident today, but she refuses to believe that he is really gone.

You consume the Dairy Queen sundae but suggest that they left all the calories out of your serving.

denial

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

You avoid going to the Dairy Queen, only to consume half a gallon of frozen yogurt from your freezer at home.

The student is angry with his teacher and comes home and punches his little brother.

displacement

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

You eat a Dairy Queen sundae because this is what you saw your hero do yesterday.

The student dresses up as Albert Einstein on the day of the math exam in order to feel more confident about the test.

identification

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

The mother accuses her husband of not wanting to spend time with her and yet she is unaware that she is the one who is consistently pushing him away.

You drive by the Dairy Queen and say, “Look at all those weaklings eating sundaes.”

projection

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

You eat a hot fudge sundae because it will help all the migrant workers who harvested the cocoa beans used in making the fudge.

The applicant believed it was acceptable to lie on their resume because everyone does it and they deserved the job.

rationalization

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Match each example with the most appropriate defense mechanism. (repression, sublimation, denial, displacement, identification, projection, rationalization, reaction formation)

You organize a protest at the local Dairy Queen because they have no low-fat alternatives.

A husband, who is unaware of his desire to have an affair, becomes overly romantic with his wife and proposes a second wedding and honeymoon.

reaction formation

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denial

reaction formation

sublimation

rationalization

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Match each fixation with the most appropriate Freudian psychosexual stage. (oral, anal, phallic, latency)

smoker		
difficulties forming friendships	
tendency toward promiscuity		
compulsively neat		
self-indulgent		
very rigid and inflexible		
messy and dominant	
nail-biter		
sexual attitudes may lack maturity	
dependency

1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1

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Mary wants to learn to bake because her mom knows how to bake and she wants to be just like her mom when she grows up. What psychosexual stage of development would Freud say that Mary is in?

phallic

genital

oral

anal

phallic

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Which of the following is NOT a problem with Freud’s theory?

Freud’s theory is circular and cannot be tested scientifically

recent evidence has found that there are processes that occur outside of awareness that are called ‘nonconscious’

Freud’s ideas around childhood sexuality have been shown to be unfounded

Freud’s research used a very small and limited sample

recent evidence has found that there are processes that occur outside of awareness that are called ‘nonconscious’

Put these needs in the correct order, according to Maslow.

\_\_\_		safety
\_\_\_		love/belongingness
\_\_\_		physiological
\_\_\_		self-actualization
\_\_\_		esteem/accomplishment

2,3,1,5,4

Vanessa has just got married and moved into a new house with her new husband. According to Maslow, which of the following needs would Vanessa be focusing on now?

safety and security

her inner beauty

a lasting and committed long-term relationship

accomplishing goals and fulfilling her esteem needs

Who has changed how we think of therapy by pointing out that the therapeutic environment is an important component?

Hans Eysenck

Sigmund Freud

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

According to Carl Rogers, self-concept refers to:

the way we think others see us

our ability to accept ourselves without terms or conditions

how we see and describe ourselves

our drive to fulfill our inner potential

how we see and describe ourselves

What question is at the core of the trait perspective of personality?

how can factor analysis determine the minimum number of traits necessary to describe anyone’s personality?

what is the minimum number of traits that are necessary to use in order to describe anyone’s personality?

what factors contribute to and impact one’s adult personality?

do genetics or environmental factors play more of a significant role in the development of one’s adult personality?

what is the minimum number of traits that are necessary to use in order to describe anyone’s personality?

Match each character below with the most appropriate superfactor, according to Eysenck. (high extraversion, low extraversion, high neuroticism, low neuroticism, high psychoticism, low psychoticism) Bambi loved the attention she got when she danced on top of the bar, and she tried to do it as much as possible. Nevin was lost in the mall but continued walking around lost because he was too shy to ask anyone for help. When Wendy saw that she failed the test, she burst into tears, moaning that her whole future was ruined. When Brent saw an argument about to erupt between two customers in the Costco parking lot, he calmly stepped in and talked to each customer, not allowing their anger to bother him in the slightest. Loretta was an artist, and she often used decomposing food in her pieces. Craig wanted to improve his cardio so he committed to going on a 5 km run every morning for 8 weeks, rain or shine, in sickness or in health.

1,2,3,4,5,6

Match each character below with the most appropriate trait, according to the Five Factor Model. (high openness, low openness, high conscientiousness, low conscientiousness, high extraversion, low extraversion, high agreeableness, low agreeableness, high neuroticism, low neuroticism) Victor rarely gets upset and has lived his life maintaining an inner level of calm that others envy. Sissy got fired from her babysitting job because she couldn't be counted on to arrive when the parents needed her and to stay until the parents got home. Mavis is unable to take her dog for a walk in the woods because she is too afraid of exposing herself to dangers, such as poison ivy, spiders, mean dogs, snakes, and tics. The boredom of waiting for the train to arrive was too much for Niko to bear, so he stood up on a nearby bench and began singing to all the other people waiting. Gavin is a very simple guy who enjoys the same routine every day and hates anything adventurous. Mandy's idea of a perfect evening involved staying in by herself and curling up on the couch with her cat and a good book. Ruth is a novelist and enjoys new experiences and doing things her own way, even if it goes against the grain. Jen has had a difficult time getting ahead in the corporate world because many who have worked with her say that she is difficult and rude. Brian has gotten to where he is by working hard, showing responsibility, and having a drive to succeed. No matter where Simon went, people always liked him and would describe him as easy to get along with and helpful.

10, 4, 9, 5, 2, 6, 1, 8, 3, 7

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the trait perspective? there is a lot of stability in our personality traits over time it doesn't explain why we end up with the personality that we do it oversimplifies personality it simply provides a description of current personality

there is a lot of stability in our personality traits over time

Decide whether each of the following belong best with the Situationist or Interactionist perspective. we respond the way we do because we received positive consequences the last time we responded that way under those circumstances reciprocal determinism the environment can influence us, but we can also influence the environment fits most closely with the Behaviourist perspective we respond the way we do because of connections that run both ways between the situation, our behaviour, and our inner mental events we are puppets of our environment

1,2,2,1,2,1

What do personality researchers need to worry about when they use personality inventories to draw conclusions about personality? researcher bias social desirability bias the Hawthorne effect sampling bias

social desirability bias

Identify whether each of the following belongs better with the Rational approach to developing items on a personality test or the Empirical approach. questions are chosen simply because they are responded to differently by different populations of people questions are chosen because they coincide with the theoretical idea of what that trait represents it is unclear from reading the question what trait is being asked about 'Do you always put mustard on your hotdog?' 'How outgoing are you in social situations?' it is obvious from reading the question what trait is being asked about MMPI-2 NEO-PI-R

2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1

Dr. Wilson is using a personality inventory that was developed using the empirical approach. This means that: items on the test were chosen if they made logical sense items on the test were based on a theoretical conception of the trait items on the test were studied scientifically for reliability and validity items on the test were chosen simply because different populations of people answered these items differently.

items on the test were chosen simply because different populations of people answered these items differently.

Which perspective in psychology would most likely rely on the use of projective tests? behavioural humanistic cognitive psychodynamic

psychodynamic

What is the rationale behind the use of projective tests to study personality? they can identify patterns in responses that may reveal issues in the client of which they are unaware they can confirm whether someone is experiencing a psychotic episode they help examiners maintain consistency in their interpretations of test answers they can contribute valuable information about the risk of developing schizophrenia

they can identify patterns in responses that may reveal issues in the client of which they are unaware

Match each of the following with the most appropriate type of personality test. (1. Rorschach Inkblot test, 2. Thematic Apperception Test, 3. MMPI-2, 4. NEO-PI-R) evaluates client's scores on different traits in relation to how different the scores are from clinical significance evaluates three of the Big Five superfactors a projective test that uses recognizable images but with ambiguous semantic content a projective test that uses highly ambiguous stimuli shown an ambiguous scene and have to say what led up to the scene, what is happening in the scene, and what happened afterward shown an inkblot and have to say what it looks like constructed using the rational approach constructed using the empirical approach

3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 3

For each of the following statements, identify whether this evidence would support a genetic or environmental component of personality. unrelated people are not similar in personality whether they were raised together or apart identical twins raised together are more alike in personality than fraternal twins raised together identical twins raised together are more alike in personality than identical twins raised apart identical twins score the same in personality whether they are raised together or apart unrelated people raised together are more alike in personality than unrelated people raised apart

1, 1, 2, 1, 2

Identical twins raised together are more alike in personality than fraternal twins raised together. True False

true

Unrelated people raised together are more alike in personality than unrelated people raised apart. True False

false

Identical twins raised together are more alike in personality than identical twins raised apart. True False

false

Identical twins score the same in personality whether they are raised together or apart. True False

true

Unrelated people are not similar in personality whether they were raised together or apart. True False

true

Which brain structure plays a significant role in emotional processing, particularly fear? amygdala hypothalamus cerebellum hippocampus

amygdala

When it comes to gender differences in personality, which of the following is TRUE? men and women are drastically different from each other in personality there is no overlap in personality traits between men and women men and women are more alike in personality than different men do not reveal their personality to others as much as women

men and women are more alike in personality than different

Match each of the following personality traits with whether it belongs better with women or men. display more uniqueness in personality traits more social show more physical aggression have a higher need to connect with others socially show more independence better at reading emotions in others

2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1

Which of the following is NOT a challenge in exploring cultural differences in personality? it is difficult to translate a question so that it means the same thing in different languages people in different cultures have different ways of saying the same thing culture does not influence personality in some cultures, it is frowned upon to say positive things about yourself

culture does not influence personality

Match each of the following personality traits with whether it belongs better with people who were raised in collectivist or individualistic cultures. score higher on the trait of agreeableness will sacrifice the self for the benefit of the group uses personal characteristics to describe individual traits places a lot of importance on individual privacy uses group characteristics to describe individual traits places a lot of importance on maintaining the integrity of the group score higher on the trait of extraversion score higher on the trait of openness

1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2