Chapter 15 Psych

Question 1

Match each example with the most appropriate key feature of a psychological abnormality. (deviance, danger, distress, dysfunction)

Paul can’t go outside unless he has his umbrella, even if it isn’t raining.

Every morning, Gloria wakes up at 4:30 am, stands on her front lawn, crows like a rooster, and then does the chicken dance.

Glenda is really worried about her sister’s constant stealing and that one day she will get a call that her sister is in jail.

When Stan didn’t get into the first university of his choice, he went in his room, hid under his covers in the fetal position, and stayed that way for weeks.

Answer 1

dysfunction, deviance, danger, distress

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE about diagnosing psychological disorders?

the DSM considers mental illness to be very different from physical illness

most diagnoses are for anxiety disorders

most diagnoses are for mood disorders

the DSM provides a complete explanation for over 350 mental disorders

Answer 2

most diagnoses are for anxiety disorders

Question 3

Clayton is doing a presentation that investigates the factors responsible for why not all mental health professionals have embraced the latest edition of the DSM. Which of the following would Clayton NOT include in his presentation?

no acknowledgement of environmental factors in mental disorders (eg: poverty, abuse)

it doesn’t list the causes of the disorders

there are some overlapping constructs and poorly explained concepts

including a collection of symptoms as a disorder may reflect judgments about values rather than identifying a mental disorder

Answer 3

it doesn’t list the causes of the disorders

Question 4

Gwendolyn is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder, and she feels a constant, free-floating state of anxiety that isn’t triggered by anything specific. For each of the following hypothetical psychologists attempting to explain Gwendolyn’s case, identify the model of abnormal behaviour that best suits them. (neuroscience model, psychodynamic approaches, cognitive-behavioural approaches, socio-cultural approaches, developmental psychopathology approach)

Dr. Garcia claims that she has no tools or skills to help her recover from any negative events that happen to her, thus leading to anxiety.

Dr. Collins understands that she was born a drug-addicted baby and grew up in a dozen different foster homes, making her more susceptible to symptoms of anxiety.

Dr. Pinko believes that she has too little of the neurotransmitter GABA in her brain.

Dr. Larner believes that she inherited an over-active autonomic nervous system.

Dr. Takawa supposes that her anxiety comes from the fact that her cultural expectations were in conflict with her societal expectations.

Dr. Hill explains that she has unconscious conflicts with her mother that remain unresolved.

Dr. Valenz argues that her ego is unable to suppress her anxiety and so a little bit of it seeps out all the time.

Dr. Babinski demonstrates that she has learned to act fearful because she is reinforced for this behaviour.

Dr. Abrams reasons that the pressures put upon her by her family and society’s expectations are causing her anxiety.

Dr. Powell insists that she perseverates thinking about the smallest detail and then misperceives the importance of this detail.

Answer 4

developmental psychopathology approach, developmental psychopathology approach, neuroscience model, neuroscience model, socio-cultural approaches, psychodynamic approaches, psychodynamic approaches, cognitive-behavioural approaches, socio-cultural approaches, cognitive-behavioural approaches

Question 5

Match each of the following symptoms with whether it belongs best with depression or mania.

low energy
lack of interest in activities
sleepy

Answer 5

depression

Question 6

Match each of the following symptoms with whether it belongs best with depression or mania.

hyperactive
racing from one activity to the next
abundant energy

Answer 6

mania

Question 7

Which of the following individuals is experiencing symptoms that are NOT consistent with major depressive disorder?

Maya is taking forever to do the dishes because she is moving so slowly.

Taya can’t wait to go skiing on Saturday and try her new snowboard.

Cara spends the whole day in bed with her head under the blankets and barely eats.

Zhara is unable to focus on what the teacher is saying.

Answer 7

Taya can’t wait to go skiing on Saturday and try her new snowboard.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about major depressive disorder?

Italy has the highest rates of depression in the world

every year, nearly 1 in 5 Canadians will be diagnosed with major depressive disorder

twice as many women are diagnosed with major depressive disorder than men

the USA is the only country in which the rate of depression is higher for men than it is for women

Answer 8

twice as many women are diagnosed with major depressive disorder than men

Question 9

Which of the following pieces of evidence about the genetic influence of depression is TRUE?

female twins are more similar in their rates of depression than male twins

male fraternal twins are more similar in their rates of depression than female fraternal twins

fraternal opposite-sex twins are more similar in their rates of depression than fraternal same-sex twins

identical twins are more similar in their rates of depression than fraternal twins

Answer 9

identical twins are more similar in their rates of depression than fraternal twins

Question 10

Which of the following pieces of neurological evidence for depression is FALSE?

depressed people have less brain activity overall, whereas people in the manic state have more brain activity

depressed people have more serotonin activity

people in the manic state have more norepinephrine, whereas in depression they have less norepinephrine

the frontal lobes shrink with depression

Answer 10

depressed people have more serotonin activity

Question 11

Match each of the following examples with the most appropriate cognitive-behavioural explanation for major depressive disorder. (learned helplessness, attribution-helplessness theory, magnification, overgeneralization, the cognitive triad)

Whenever something bad happens, Tracy explains the event to herself such that it was her fault, it will always be her fault, and she should be blamed for all bad things that happen anywhere.

Zack has decided not to go to the party because he believes he is boring, that he has nothing exciting to contribute to the party, and that he never will.

Graham had a rough upbringing and suffered a lot of abuse as a child. Now that he’s an adult, he accepts all the bad stuff that happens around him because he expects it and doesn’t believe he can do anything about it.

When Suzy realized that she forgot the potato salad for the picnic, she burst into tears, saying that she ruined the entire picnic for everyone.

After Debbie misplaced her keys, she inwardly cursed herself, thinking that she always loses thing.

Answer 11

attribution-helplessness theory, the cognitive triad, learned helplessness, magnification, overgeneralization

Question 12

Which of the following individuals is most likely in the manic state of bipolar disorder?

Tam who is selling the boat because she doesn’t feel like sailing anymore.

Pam who can’t sleep because her thoughts are racing.

Cam who moves at a snail’s pace to put a sweater on.

Sam who sits in the window all day not knowing what to do.

Answer 12

Pam who can’t sleep because her thoughts are racing.

Question 13

Which of the following facts about bipolar disorder is NOT true?

it is highly heritable

it affects men and women equally

it is more common in economically disadvantaged populations

it is considered to be one of the most debilitating disorders globally

Answer 13

it is more common in economically disadvantaged populations

Question 14

How is generalized anxiety disorder similar to panic disorder?

neither of them is triggered by something specific or tangible

they’re both caused by an overactive amygdala

they both develop prior to adolescence

they both evoke extremely intense feelings of anxiety

Answer 14

neither of them is triggered by something specific or tangible

Question 15

Match each of the following neurological explanations with the most appropriate anxiety disorder. (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder)

not enough serotonin activity

excess norepinephrine activity

problems with the GABA feedback system

damage to the hippocampus and amygdala

overactive orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei

Answer 15

obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 16

Which of the following is FALSE about social anxiety disorder?

more than 1 in 10 people will have social anxiety at some point in their lifetime

onset is usually in early childhood

people from high SES are less likely to develop social anxiety disorder than people from low SES

it affects women more than men

Answer 16

onset is usually in early childhood

Question 17

Tessa has an intense fear of cats. Whenever she sees a cat, she worries that it will bite her or scratch her. Match each of the following explanations for her fear with the most appropriate label. (classical conditioning, operant conditioning, modelling)

Tessa’s fear most likely stemmed from the time she visited her cousin when she was little, and her cousin had a cat. Tessa’s mother was very wary of the cat and even screamed when it rubbed on her leg. When Tessa saw that, she assumed that the cat was harmful, and she didn’t want anything to do with the cat either.

Tessa’s fear most likely stemmed from the time she visited her cousin when she was little and she kept running away from the cat. The whole family laughed and thought she was so cute, trying to get away from the cat. Tessa loved how everyone was watching her and laughing. Then she went to run from the cat again and she fell, scraping her knees and elbows. From then onward, she has done her best to avoid cats.

Tessa’s fear most likely stemmed from the time she visited her cousin when she was little, and her cousin had a mean cat. Every time Tessa went to pat the cat, the cat scratched her. It only took a few good scratches before Tessa didn’t want to go anywhere near the cat, and from then onward, she has hated cats.

Answer 17

modelling, operant conditioning, classical conditioning

Question 18

In what way is a panic attack similar to phobic disorder?

they both involve an intense level of anxiety

they’re both triggered by something specific

the attacks tend to last for the same amount of time

they both cause a feeling of free-floating anxiety that isn’t tied to anything specific

Answer 18

they both involve an intense level of anxiety

Question 19

Ricardo is having a repeated and intrusive thought that he left his stove on in his apartment. This thought is causing him a distressing amount of anxiety. To ease that anxiety, Ricardo keeps returning to his kitchen to check if the stove top is on. In this scenario,__________ is the obsession and __________ is the compulsion.

checking the stove; feeling anxious

checking the stove; thinking the stove is on

thinking the stove is on; checking the stove

feeling anxious; thinking the stove is on

Answer 19

thinking the stove is on; checking the stove

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding post-traumatic stress disorder is TRUE?

the most prominent symptom is catatonia

people more prone to getting post-traumatic stress disorder have more serotonin, which damages the hypothalamus

it can occur years after the traumatic incident has ended

it can last less than a month

Answer 20

it can occur years after the traumatic incident has ended

Question 21

What is the difference between a hallucination and a delusion?

a delusion is the after-effect of a hallucination

a delusion is not a symptom of schizophrenia and a hallucination is the defining symptom of schizophrenia

a delusion is a false belief and a hallucination is a false perception

a delusion lasts longer than a hallucination but it is less intense

Answer 21

a delusion is a false belief and a hallucination is a false perception

Question 22

Vince believes that aliens are recording his thoughts. When he is asked about it, he rambles off on many tangents and never answers the question. Sometimes, he thinks he hears the devil telling him to do strange things, like cover his mirrors or don’t wear shoes. Which of the following symptoms did Vince NOT show?

derailment

delusions

catatonia

hallucinations

Answer 22

catatonia

Question 23

Flor’s schizophrenia symptoms include confusion, paranoia, hallucinations, and grandiose delusions. What subtype of symptoms does Flor have?

residual symptoms

negative symptoms

catatonic symptoms

positive symptoms

Answer 23

positive symptoms

Question 24

What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

positive symptoms are treatable and negative symptoms aren’t

positive symptoms are good symptoms and negative symptoms are bad symptoms

positive symptoms involve the mind and negative symptoms involve the body

positive symptoms represent the pathological excess in behaviours and negative symptoms represent the pathological deficit in behaviours

Answer 24

positive symptoms represent the pathological excess in behaviours and negative symptoms represent the pathological deficit in behaviours

Question 25

Tina’s aunt, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, suffers from episodes where she does not speak and sits completely immobilized for hours on end. Which of the following is the most likely subtype of schizophrenia that Tina’s aunt has?

residual

disorganized

paranoid

catatonic

Answer 25

catatonic

Question 26

John, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, believes that he has been told a secret that would result in the President of the United States getting impeached. John believes that government agents are following him since he has classified information. Which of the following is the most likely subtype of schizophrenia that John has?

paranoid

catatonic

disorganized

residual

Answer 26

paranoid

Question 27

Carter is writing a psychology paper about the biochemical abnormalities in schizophrenic patients. Carter’s paper would include all of the following EXCEPT:

enlarged temporal lobes and frontal lobes

enlarged ventricles

excessive amounts of dopamine

structural abnormalities in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus

Answer 27

enlarged temporal lobes and frontal lobes

Question 28

Match each example with the most appropriate somatic symptom and related disorder. (somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, factitious disorder)

Simon interpreted his headache as a sign of a brain tumor and decided to update his will.

Gloria craves the attention that she gets from a concerned physician, and she finds herself eating laundry soap to make herself sick.

Bruce’s depression is making his heart condition even worse because now he doesn’t care about exercising and eating right.

Peggy has visited medical experts all over the country for the past 2 years to get help with her stomach pains, but so far no one has been able to diagnose and treat her.

When Belinda awoke the morning after she witnessed her parents dying in an explosion, she wasn’t bothered by the fact that she could no longer see.

Answer 28

illness anxiety disorder, factitious disorder, psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder

Question 29

Which of the following individuals has a dissociative disorder?

Lara, who cannot remember who she is.

Cara, who has a severe instability in emotions and self-concept.

Sarah, who deliberately makes herself sick by swallowing antifreeze.

Farah, who is convinced that she has cancer despite no symptoms.

Answer 29

Lara, who cannot remember who she is.

Question 30

What is the difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?

with dissociative amnesia the cause of memory loss is physical, while with dissociative fugue the cause of memory loss is psychological

with dissociative amnesia, the memory loss is specific, while with dissociative fugue the memory loss is extensive

with dissociative amnesia there is no treatment, while with dissociative fugue there are multiple drug therapies

with dissociative amnesia the onset would have been before adolescence, while with dissociative fugue the onset would have been after adolescence

Answer 30

with dissociative amnesia, the memory loss is specific, while with dissociative fugue the memory loss is extensive

Question 31

Match each example with the most appropriate type of dissociative disorder. (dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, depersonalization disorder, dissociative identity disorder)

Gretta works for the police and is trying to settle a dispute between a men who insists his name is ‘Mike Wilson’ and a woman who says she’s his wife and that his name is really ‘Greg Jones’. She wants him to come home and says that he’s been missing for nearly 2 years, ever since their son died. He doesn’t believe she’s his wife and wants to press charges.

Since Cara was beaten and robbed, she often feels like she is watching her life as an observer. She reports to her psychologist that she feels like she is detached from her body and is in a dream from which she cannot wake up.

Farren is a patient in a hospital after losing his leg in a serious car accident that also killed his best friend. Although the doctors have found no signs of a head injury, Farren appears to have no memory surrounding the accident.

When the teacher started yelling at the class, Mia’s personality became taken over by her stronger character, Megadon. Suddenly, the class watched her stand on top of her desk and wave her finger at the teacher while booming in a deep voice that the teacher was a horrible, awful person.

Answer 31

dissociative fugue, depersonalization disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder

Question 32

Five psychologists are sitting around discussing the case of Mia, a10-year old girl who has DID. Match each of the explanations with the most appropriate perspective. (psychoanalytic, cognitive, learning, social influence, biological)

Mia’s reaction is a natural coping strategy for many individuals who suffer abuse as their identity is being formed.

Mia’s psychiatrist asked persistent questions about different sides of her personality and likely created this disorder as a result.

Mia is repressing the traumatic event that happened to her and as a result there are other personalities that she created to deal with the trauma.

In the past, Mia has been reinforced for using different personalities in specific situations, so she continues to do this in the future.

Mia’s brain is structured differently, with a smaller hippocampus and amygdala.

Answer 32

cognitive, social influence, psychoanalytic, learning, biological

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a core feature of personality disorders?

consistent difficulties getting along with others

overly impulsive in their responses

often misinterprets events and responds inappropriately as a result

overthinking potential solutions to problems

Answer 33

overthinking potential solutions to problems

Question 34

Wilma is afraid that her cousin has antisocial personality disorder, and she decides to do some research to learn about the causes of the disorder. Wilma reads about all of the following causes EXCEPT:

her cousin learned this behaviour from watching his parents

her cousin never learned how to regulate his emotions and handle emotional distress

her cousin has deficient functioning in his frontal lobe

her cousin has low levels of serotonin in his brain

Answer 34

her cousin never learned how to regulate his emotions and handle emotional distress

Question 35

Match each personality disorder with the appropriate cluster. (odd/eccentric, dramatic/impulsive, fear/anxiety)

schizoid
schizotypal
paranoid

Answer 35

odd/eccentric

Question 36

Match each personality disorder with the appropriate cluster. (odd/eccentric, dramatic/impulsive, fear/anxiety)

borderline
antisocial
histrionic
narcissistic

Answer 36

dramatic/impulsive

Question 37

Match each personality disorder with the appropriate cluster. (odd/eccentric, dramatic/impulsive, fear/anxiety)

avoidant
obsessive-compulsive
dependent

Answer 37

fear/anxiety

Question 38

Match each individual below with whether they belong best with borderline or antisocial personality disorder.

__1__
In a desperate attempt to hold on to her new boyfriend, Ella agrees to engage in unprotected sex.

__1__
Horace wants his friend’s attention so he says he will jump from a bridge unless they hang out.

__1__
Vivian senses that her friend doesn’t want to invest time in their friendship anymore so she drives her car into a telephone pole as a way to gain sympathy.

__2__
Jasper cannot control his impulses. He constantly lies to his friends and family, without any remorse. His recent reckless behaviour has landed him in jail.

__2__
Joe is charming and manipulative. He views other people as objects to be exploited and does not feel guilty when he hurts their feelings or takes advantage of them.

__1__
Carol seems to cycle between periods of depression, anxiety, and irritability. Her boyfriend Don reports that she has sudden bursts of rage and at times becomes aggressive with him. Lately, she has begun to cut the inside of her arms and has threatened to commit suicide if Don leaves her.

__2__
Spencer uses his smile to make his clients believe that he has their best interests at heart while he swindles them out of their retirement savings.

__2__
Twyla decides to take money from her friend’s wallet because she needs it and she can tell her friend that she saw someone else take the money.

Answer 38

1,1,1,2,2,1,2,2

Question 39

Match each of the following descriptions with the most appropriate psychological disorder.

Recently, Ava felt a loss of her identity and spontaneously wandered away from her home to a new city a few hours away. In this new city, she creates a new identity and has no memory of her life prior to this. She is unable to recall any past events or important information.

Answer 39

dissociative fugue

Question 40

After Cole was attacked, he continuously has the feeling that he isn’t living his life in his own body, almost as though he’s moving about in a dream, and things don’t seem real anymore.

Answer 40

depersonalization disorder

Question 41

When Amanda was younger, she witnessed a car accident that claimed the lives of both her parents. Although Amanda remembers other events before and after the accident, she does not remember anything about the accident itself, and her memory loss cannot be explained by a biological cause.

Answer 41

dissociative amnesia

Question 42

Shelby felt important when the doctors were all focusing on her, discussing her mysterious case, caring for her. She invented another set of symptoms and made her 5th appointment of the week.

Answer 42

factitious disorder

Question 43

After witnessing several horrible atrocities during war time, Loretta was suddenly unable to use her left leg. She apologized to her family for having to help her get around, and she insisted that her problem wasn’t worthy of a visit from the doctor.

Answer 43

conversion disorder

Question 44

Gen has been suffering from intense headaches for over a year now, and none of the medical scans and exams have revealed anything wrong with him.

Answer 44

somatic symptom disorder

Question 45

Helen collapsed after spending the last 6 days and nights tearing her bathroom and kitchen apart for her new remodeling design. She was so involved in her project that she forgot to eat or sleep.

Answer 45

bipolar disorder

Question 46

Remy is so scared of losing his girlfriend that he does whatever he can to hold on to her. First, he lies to her and says that he has things that he knows she wants, like a condo in Vegas. When she finds out this isn’t true, he threatens to burn is arms as a display of how much he loves her and needs her.

Answer 46

borderline personality disorder

Question 47

Although Nicole doesn’t have any symptoms, she is convinced that she has a blood clot in her leg.

Answer 47

illness anxiety disorder

Question 48

Giselle often suffers from moments of extreme anxiety where she feels like she can’t breathe.

Answer 48

panic disorder