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x- Immunology MICR 3230 > PRR Families > Flashcards

PRR Families Flashcards

1
Q

How are a wide variety of PAMP ligands recognized?

A

families of PRRs

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2
Q

What are the 5 main PRR families?

A

TLR/ CLR/ NLR/ RLR/ ALR

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3
Q

what happens when PRRs bind to PAMPs?

A

signalling pathways initiated- contributing to innate/ inflammatory responses

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4
Q

Where are TLRs located?

A

Plasma membrane/ membranes of endosomes/ lysosomes

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5
Q

What is a component of the TLR exterior domain?

A

LRR = leucine-rich repeats

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6
Q

What is the interior domain of TLR called?

A

TIR domain = toll interleukin receptor

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7
Q

What happens after ligand binds to TLR exterior domain?

A

ligand (PAMP/ DAMP) induced TLR dimerization

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8
Q

How many TLRs are there?

A

13

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9
Q

What are dimers with extracellular leucine-rich domains that bind PAMPS/ DAMPS?

A

TLRs

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10
Q

Since TLRs recognize many different pathogens, what determines what each TLR will bind?

A

= location
extracellular ligands- PM
ligands released by endocytosed microbes- endosomes/ lysosomes

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11
Q

What is the ligand of TLR2?

A

peptidoglycan

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12
Q

What microbe would peptidoglycan be on?

A

gram-positive bacteria

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13
Q

What is the ligand of TLR3?

A

double-stranded RNA

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14
Q

What microbe is double-stranded RNA on?

A

viruses

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15
Q

What is the ligand of TLR4?

A

Lipopolysaccharide

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16
Q

What is the microbe target of TLR4?

A

gram-negative bacteria (lipopolysaccharide)

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17
Q

What is the ligand of TLR5?

A

Flagellin

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18
Q

What microbe is flagellin on?

A

bacteria

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19
Q

What microbe is lipopolysaccharide on?

A

gram-negative bacteria

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20
Q

What does TLR binding of PAMP activate?

A

signalling pathways

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21
Q

Where are adaptor proteins recruited to by the different TLRs?

A

Toll/IL-1R = TIR domain

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22
Q

What are the 3 TLR activated pathways?

A

NF-KB/ IRF (interferon regulating factor)/ MAP Kinase pathway

23
Q

What TLR-activated pathway is responsible for transcription factor activation/ innate/ inflammatory gene activation?

24
Q

What TLR-activated pathway is responsible for the activation of genes encoding IFNa/b and viral compounds?

A

IRF/ interferon regulating factor

25
Q

What TLR-activated pathway is responsible for the activation of downstream transcription factors (AP-1)/ activator protein controls differentiation/ apoptosis?

A

MAP Kinase

26
Q

What are the 2 adaptors recruited to activated TLR dimers?

A

MyD88/ TRIF

27
Q

What do the adaptors MyD88/ TRIF do when recruited to TLR dimer?

A

bind multiple components/ generate scaffold/ initiate signalling pathway

28
Q

What are the downstream components of the pathway?

A

activation/ transcription of desired genes

29
Q

What are the 10 steps in TLR signalling?

A
  1. Bind ligand
  2. Receptor dimerization
  3. Recruit adaptor protein
  4. Recruit kinases
  5. Phosphorylation
  6. Activate MAPK pathway
  7. Activate complexes
  8. Translocate to nucleus
  9. Activation/ gene transcription
  10. Target production- cytokines/chemokines/ antimicrobial
30
Q

What PRR recognizes carbohydrate components of fungi/ parasites/ viruses?

A

CLR - C-type lectin receptor

31
Q

What does the transcription triggered by CLR signalling pathways induce?

A

expression of proinflammatory cytokines = IL-1B/ TBF/ IL-23

32
Q

What proinflammatory cytokines are produced through CLR pathway activation?

A

L-1B/ TBF/ IL-23

33
Q

What PRR family do NOD1/ NOD2 belong to?

34
Q

What part of the cell is NLR associated with?

A

endosome/ strictly within cell

35
Q

What receptors initiate autophagy by forming autophagosomes?

A

NLR: NOD1/ NOD2

36
Q

What receptor type recognizes viral double-stranded RNAs?

A

RLR = RIG1

37
Q

What part of the RLR receptor binds RNA?

A

helicase domain

38
Q

Where are RLRs located?

39
Q

What is the adaptor molecule of RLRs?

40
Q

What PRRs can both initiate NF-KB pathway?

41
Q

What cytosolic receptors bind bacterial/ viral double-stranded DNA?

42
Q

What does the binding of multiple ALRs to dsDNA via pyrin domains yield?

A

Inflamasomes

43
Q

What do inflammasomes generate?

A

pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B/ IL-18

44
Q

PRR signalling activates the expression of genes for what 5 major things?

A

Antimicrobial proteins
Type 1 interferons
Cytokines
Chemokines
Enzymes

45
Q

What produced by PRR signalling has very potent antiviral activity?

A

Type 1 interferons

46
Q

What inhibits virus replication/ activates NK cells/ regulates activity of macrophages/ T cells?

A

Interferons a/b

47
Q

What are produced by virus-infected cells/ macrophages/ dendritic cells/ NK cells?

A

Interferons a/b

48
Q

What kind of molecule is Interleukin-1?

49
Q

What are 2 examples of cytokines?

A

Interleukin 1/ TNF-a

50
Q

What cytokine activates macrophages/ vascular permeability/ fever?

51
Q

What is an example of a chemokine?

52
Q

What does IL-8 do?

A

chemoattract cells to infection site

53
Q

What are 2 enzymes produced by PRR signalling paths?

A

iNOS/ COX2

54
Q

What functions as protein hormones?

x- Immunology MICR 3230 (11 decks)

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