Innate/ Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
What is the response time of the innate adaptive system?
seconds/ minutes/ hours
What is the response time of the adaptive immune system?
days (5-6 +)
Why is the adaptive immune response considered highly diverse?
adapts to improve response
What is the specificity of the innate immune system?
limited/ fixed
What is the innate response to repeat infection?
same after each exposure (cold)
What is the adaptive response to repeat infection?
more rapid/ effective after each exposure
What kind of immunity involves both humoral and cell-mediated (B/T) immunity?
Adaptive immunity
What are the major components of Innate immunity?
barriers/ phagocytes/ PRRs/ receptors
What are the major components of Adaptive immunity?
B+T lymphocytes/ Antigen-Specific Receptors/ Antibodies
What is the “first line of defence”?
Innate immune responses
What is a pro/con with Innate immune system?
fast but nonspecific
What are the humoral/ cell-mediated responses both examples of?
Adaptive immunity
Why is adaptive immunity specific?
uses randomly generated antigen receptors
What are 2 important signal molecules produced by the activation of Innate immune responses?
Cytokines/ Chemokines
What are 2 molecules produced by innate responses that stimulate/ direct adaptive immune responses?
cytokines/ chemokines = signal molecules
What is the hallmark of adaptive immunity?
Memory
What is initiated upon first exposure to an antigen?
Primary Response
What is left behind after an antigen is cleared?
Memory lymphocytes
What is initiated upon second exposure to the same antigen that stimulates memory lymphocytes?
Secondary Response
Is there any memory in innate immunity?
no
What are the 2 broad categories of immune system dysfunction?
Immunodeficiency/ Overly active responses
What are allergies/ asthma an example of?
overly active/ misdirected immune responses
What are autoimmune diseases an example of?
overly active/ misdirected immune responses
What is Multiple Sclerosis an example of?M
Autoimmune disease
What is Crohn’s disease an example of?
Autoimmune disease
What are the 2 types of Immunodeficiencies?
Primary (genetic)/ Secondary (aquired)
What is the loss of immune function (genetic/ acquired) called?
Immunodeficiency
What is a case we want to avoid an immune response?
Transplants- rejection (foreign tissue)
What is a case we want to target self-cells?
Cancer
Why are cancer cells hard to generate immunity against?
Tolerated cells
What are commensal organisms that live in + on us/ cause no harm?
Microbiome
What can dysbiosis/ imbalance of the microbiome lead to?
Immune Overstimulation- Inflammation
What are some factors that can contribute to dysbiosis of the microbiome?
dietary changes/ environmental factors (stress)
