Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

x- Immunology MICR 3230 > Phagocytosis > Flashcards

Phagocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is phagocytosis defined as?

A

engulfment/ internalization of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 cells is phagocytosis mostly in? = phagocytes

A

macrophages/ neutrophils/ DC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 steps of phagocytosis?

A
  1. Bacterium binds to PRRs on pseudopodia
  2. Bacterium ingested- forming phagosome
  3. Phagosome fuses with lysosome
  4. Bacterium killed/ digested low pH
  5. Digestion products released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main PRR for phagocytosis?

A

CLRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are TLR’s involved in phagocytosis?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What PRRs are involved in phagocytosis?

A

CLRs/ scavenger receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an example of a CLR for phagocytosis?

A

Dectin-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 2 examples of Opsonin receptors for phagocytosis?

A

Complement receptors- CR1/ CR3/ CR4
Immunoglobulin Fc receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are microbes recognized?

A

by receptors on phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do phagocytes recognize microbes?

A

soluble opsonin protein bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an important part of Opsonin?

A

mannose-binding lectin serine proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does destruction in phagosomes occur after fusion with lysosomes/ granules?

A

ROS/ RNS/ antimicrobial proteins. enzyme degredation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a common molecule of ROS/ RNS?

A

Superoxide anion (O2) + Nitric Oxide (NO)
= Peroxynitrate (ONOO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What form of cell death is induced by TNF binding to TNFR/ NK cells/ T cytotoxic cells?

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a form of programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What form of cell death activation requires NADPH oxidase/ ROS generation?

A

Neutrophil extracellular traps NETs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What form of cell death involves “filament extension”?

A

Neutrophil extracellular traps = NETs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What form of cell death is induced by inflammasome activation?

A

Pyroptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What form of cell death eliminates infected macrophages allowing the release of IL-1B/ IL-18 = proinflammatory cytokines?

A

Pyroptosis

20
Q

What are 2 early components of inflammation?

A

increased vascular permeability
recruitment of neutrophils from blood to damage site

21
Q

What are the later stages of inflammation called?

A

Acute phase responses = APRs

22
Q

What are APRs induced by?

A

proinflammatory cytokines = IL-1/ TNF-a/ IL-6

23
Q

What does APR include?

A

opsonin, increased synthesis of antimicrobial proteins by the liver

24
Q

What antimicrobial proteins are synthesized with acute phase responses APR of inflammation?

A

mannose-binding lectin/ c-reactive protein/ complement proteins

25
Q

Why are NK cells lymphocytes with innate immune functions?

A

can directly kill pathogens

26
Q

What cells can NK cells target?

A

pathogen or host as required (have self-receptors)

27
Q

What is unique function of NK cells?

A

kill cells that have become altered due to stress/ infection

28
Q

What are the 2 things activated NK cells perform?

A
  • kill altered self-cell by releasing perforin/ granzymes/ inducing apoptosis
  • produce cytokines that induce adaptive responses against altered self-cell
29
Q

How do NK cells select what function? (induce apoptosis or produce cytokines for adaptive response)

A

induce apoptosis if activating receptors send stronger signals than their inhibitory receptors

30
Q

What NK receptors recognize markers of infection/ stress on cells?

A

Activating receptors

31
Q

What NK receptors recognize markers of normal cells (MHC ext)?

A

Inhibitory receptors

32
Q

What are the innate lymphoid cells derived from?

A

common lymphoid progenitor cells

33
Q

How many common lymphoid progenitor cells are there?

A

NK cells/ 6 other ILC populations

34
Q

Where are NK cells found?

A

lymphoid tissue/ recirculate

35
Q

Apart from NK cells where are the other ILCs found?

A

epithelium

36
Q

Can ILCs be activated directly by pathogens?

A

no- lack PRRs

37
Q

How many groups of ILCs are there?

A

3 = ILC1/ ILC2/ ILC3

38
Q

What ILC is related to NK cells/ cytokines/ cell-mediated immunity?

A

ILC1

39
Q

What ILC is related to cytokines/ parasite immunity/ wound healing?

A

ILC2

40
Q

What ILC is related to cytokines./ epithelial integrity. lymphoid development/ bacteria/ fungi immunity?

A

ILC3

41
Q

What innate immune systems are co-opted by adaptive immunity to contribute to antibody-mediated pathogen elimination?

A

Opsonization/ Complement activation

42
Q

How are dendritic cells an innate/ adaptive bridge?

A

bring antigens from the infection site/ present to T cells in lymph nodes
- activates T cells- differentiate TH/TC

43
Q

What is an example of pathogen avoiding detection by PRRs?

A

mutation in LPS (not recognized by TLR)

44
Q

What is an example of pathogen blocking PRR signaling pathways- preventing activation/ response?

A

bacterial proteins with TIR domains that block MyD88/ TRIF

45
Q

What is an example of a pathogen prevent killing?`

A

rupture phagosome/ escape into cytosol

x- Immunology MICR 3230 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions