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x- Immunology MICR 3230 > Immune System Overview > Flashcards

Immune System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the state of protection against foreign pathogens?

A

Immunity

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2
Q

What prepares the immune system to eradicate an infectious agent before it causes disease?

A

Vaccination

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3
Q

What is the term for acquiring protective immunity in a critical mass of people? (vaccination/ infection recovery)

A

Herd Immunity

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4
Q

What is the basis of herd immunity?

A

serves as buffer for others/ lowers rate of spread

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5
Q

What kind of immunity combats pathogens via antibodies?

A

Humoral Immunity

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6
Q

What cells/ lymphocytes produce antibodies?

A

B cells (humoral)

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7
Q

What is an example of passive immunity?

A

infection > protection/ mother breastfeed to baby

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8
Q

What is an example of active immunity?

A

Vaccination

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9
Q

What kind of immunity relies on T cells?

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

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10
Q

What are passive/ active immunity both examples of?

A

Humoral Immunity

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11
Q

What is the basis of cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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12
Q

How are B/T cell receptors generated?

A

Gene Segment Rearrangements - randomly

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13
Q

Why are so many random B/T cell receptors generated?

A

so many potential antigens

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14
Q

What happens when a B cell encounters an antigen?

A

produce an antibody specific to antigen

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15
Q

What do T cell receptors do?

A

bind antigens/ peptides presented by APCs

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16
Q

In the humoral response, what becomes the antibody-producing cell?

A

B- cell receptor

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17
Q

What is the outcome of the cell-mediated/ T lymphocyte response?

A

cytokine secretion/ killing of infected cells

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18
Q

What kind of immunity is the thymus associated with?

A

Cell-mediated (T)

19
Q

What kind of immunity is bone marrow associated with?

A

Humoral (B)

20
Q

What are the 4 major categories of pathogen?

A

viruses/ bacteria/ fungi/ parasites

21
Q

What is the difference between microbe/ pathogen?

A

pathogen= microbe that causes disease

22
Q

What are immune responses specific to?

A

organism type/ pathogen structure/ cellular location (intra/extra)

23
Q

What is the interaction between foreign organisms/ recognition molecules from host cells?

A

Pathogen Recognition

24
Q

What includes whole pathogens/ fragments/ products?

A

ligands

25
Q

What is the outcome of ligand binding?

A

immune response (pathogen labelling/ destruction)

26
Q

What kind of immunity is responsible to recognize/ kill/ engulf pathogens?

A

cellular

27
Q

What kind of immunity involves soluble proteins for labelling/ destruction of invaders?

A

humoral - antibodies

28
Q

What kind of molecules does immune system rely on?

A

recognition molecules

29
Q

What kind of recognition molecule is encoded in genomic DNA/ always expressed?

A

PRRs = Pattern Recognition Receptors

30
Q

What do PRRs bind to?

A

PAMPs = Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

31
Q

What are generic molecules found on many pathogens?

A

PAMPs = pathogen associated molecular patterns

32
Q

Are PRR’s generic molecules?

A

no- Pattern Recognition Receptors = specific

33
Q

Individual B/T cells have specificity for how many antigens?

A

1 single

34
Q

Why do B/T cells only have specificity for 1 single antigen?

A

each cell has many copies of the receptor

35
Q

What happens when a B/T cell interacts with its specific antigen?

A

Clonal Selection

36
Q

What happens when a B/T cell is selected upon antigen interaction?

A

it is selected/ becomes activated

37
Q

What is the result of B/T cell activation?

A

proliferation- large # of clones produced

38
Q

Why is deletion important in clonal selection?

A

bad receptors- bind weak/ attack host ext

39
Q

What is the problem with generating random receptors?

A

waste of energy- most unused

40
Q

What ensures the immune system avoids destroying host tissues?

A

Tolerance

41
Q

What is self/ non-self discrimination?

A

immune system avoids host tissues- tolerance

42
Q

Why is tolerance important?

A

random receptors generated could be anti-self

43
Q

How does tolerance help?

A

prevents anti-self molecules from circulating in bloodstream

44
Q

What prohibits an immune response to host tissues maintained through elimination/ cell inhibition?

A

self- tolerance

x- Immunology MICR 3230 (11 decks)

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